驾驶员接管自动驾驶车辆的眼动特性和行为分析

为探究接管自动驾驶车辆期间驾驶员的视觉特性,分析眼动与接管反应操控行为的关系,开展驾驶模拟试验收集驾驶行为及眼动数据。运用统计学方法,分析驾驶员感知不同接管场景的视觉特性,探究接管请求(TOR)前后眼动指标的变化规律;并基于视觉分配和瞳孔变化特性分析驾驶行为,揭示眼动特性与接管反应及驾驶操纵策略的内在联系。结果表明:TOR前,相较于静态场景,驾驶员感知动态场景诱发元素扫视更频繁且平均注视时间更短;此时驾驶员的视觉分配特性与其接管反应行为存在显著相关性。TOR后,驾驶员的注视时间增加,眨眼频率降低,瞳孔直径扩张,眼跳幅度增大;不同场景下驾驶员的瞳孔差异表明其应对动态场景时具备更好的警戒水平和更平稳的操纵策略。     

基于Logistic回归模型的大兴安岭地区林火发生概率预测研究*

为实现对大兴安岭地区林火发生概率的基本预测,根据该地区历史火灾资料、地形因子、气象因子和人为因子,基于Logistic回归模型建立该地区林火发生概率预测模型。研究结果表明:坡度、海拔、平均气压、平均气温、平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度是该地区林火发生的主要驱动因子;坡度、海拔、平均气压、平均气温与林火发生概率呈正相关,平均相对湿度和最小相对湿度与林火发生概率呈负相关;ROC曲线下面积值（AUC）为0.91,最佳临界值为0.425;建立的大兴安岭地区林火发生概率预测模型,建模样本总体准确率为82.4%,验证样本总体准确率为80.5%;该地区夏季林火发生概率明显高于春、秋季;林火发生概率较高的Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级火险区主要集中在夏季该地区东南部、西部以及春、秋季该地区东南部。研究结果可为该地区林火预测提供1种参考方法。     

重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力研究

重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、扩大绿色生态空间的重要区域,在实现全国生态资产保值增值方面发挥着重要作用。然而,现阶段围绕重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力开展的研究较少。为明确重点生态功能区生态资产保护的驱动力以及存在的问题,本文利用遥感影像并结合图像解译、GIS空间分析和数理统计等方法对重点生态功能区内生态资产展开分析,并将其与非重点生态功能区进行比较。研究结果显示:重点生态功能区内森林、灌丛、草地和湿地生态资产总面积为349.30万km~2,优级和良级生态资产占生态资产总面积的42.42%,生态资产综合指数为21.19。15年间,重点功能区内生态资产总面积增加0.05%,优级和良级生态资产面积占比分别增加0.59%和0.85%,生态资产综合指数增加2.94。重点生态功能区生态资产面积和质量增幅均小于非重点生态功能区,然而重点生态功能区生态资产指数增量高于非重点生态功能区。生态恢复是驱动重点生态功能区生态资产面积变化的主因,对原有生态资产的保护是促进生态资产指数增加的最主要驱动力(贡献率达81%),城镇化和农业开发对生态资产的不利影响不容忽视(贡献率达-6.81%)。研究表明,对重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效显著,同时还有较大提升空间。本研究也为优化重点生态功能区的城镇化和农业开发的管理提供了证据和参考。     

情绪对新手驾驶员视觉特性的影响研究

为构建基于驾驶员生理特性情绪识别系统,采用眼动仪等设备对20名新手驾驶员开展不同情绪状态下的模拟驾驶试验,采集高兴、悲伤、愤怒3种情绪状态和无情绪下新手驾驶员的视觉数据,利用Matlab、SPSS软件统计分析新手驾驶员瞳孔变化、眼球扫视、注视点视觉数据.结果 表明:悲伤、愤怒情绪对新手驾驶员瞳孔尺寸分布频率及其变化差异...     

The effectiveness of reducing illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for driving: evidence for lowering the limit to .05 BAC

PURPOSE: This scientific review provides a summary of the evidence regarding the benefits of reducing the illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving and providing a case for enacting a .05 BAC limit. RESULTS: Fourteen independent studies in the United States indicate that lowering the illegal BAC limit from .10 to .08 has resulted in 5-16% reductions in alcohol-related crashes, fatalities, or injuries. However, the illegal limit is .05 BAC in numerous countries around the world. Several studies indicate that lowering the illegal per se limit from .08 to .05 BAC also reduces alcohol-related fatalities. Laboratory studies indicate that impairment in critical driving functions begins at low BACs and that most subjects are significantly impaired at .05 BAC. The relative risk of being involved in a fatal crash as a driver is 4 to 10 times greater for drivers with BACs between .05 and .07 compared to drivers with .00 BACs. SUMMARY: There is strong evidence in the literature that lowering the BAC limit from .10 to .08 is effective, that lowering the BAC limit from .08 to .05 is effective, and that lowering the BAC limit for youth to .02 or lower is effective. These law changes serve as a general deterrent to drinking and driving and ultimately save lives. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This critical review supports the adoption of lower illegal BAC limits for driving.     

Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driving behavior

INTRODUCTION: Research suggests safety climate (SC) is a strong predictor of safety-related outcomes in organizations. This study explores the relationship between six SC dimensions and four aspects of work-related driving. METHOD: The SC factors measured were "communication and procedures," "work pressures," "relationships," "safety rules," "driver training," and "management commitment." The aspects of self-reported occupational driving measured were traffic violations, driver error, driving while distracted, and pre-trip vehicle maintenance. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the SC factors accounted for significant amounts of variance in all four aspects of work-related driving, over and above the control factors of age, sex, and work-related driving exposure. However, further investigation indicated certain SC factors (particularly safety rules, communication, and management commitment) were more strongly related to specific aspects of work-related driving behavior than others. Together, the SC factors were better able to predict self-reported distraction from the road than the other aspects of driving behavior measured. Implications for occupational safety, particularly for the management of work-related drivers are discussed.     

中小企业“4+1”安全管理与监管模式研究

在对全国中小企业安全生产状况调查的基础上,分析了中小企业的安全生产现状其数量多、绝大多数在乡镇街道、生产安全事故多发、职业病危害严重、从业人员素质低、生产力水平低;政府针对中小企业的安全监管人员数量少;乡镇街道的安全生产中介服务机构数量少,服务内容单一。因此,提出了中小企业安全生产监督管理“4+1”模式,其中“4”是指中小企业、政府安全监管部门、中介机构和社会监督部门的安全生产管理、监管、服务、监督体系,“1”是指提高监管效能的运行保障机制。该模式从宏观上为政府监管中小企业提出了一种新的思路,从微观上为中小企业、政府安全监管部门、中介服务机构、社会监督部门的安全生产工作提出了新的方法。     

废显像管玻璃循环经济模式系统分析研究

近年来,我国CRT显像管制造行业迅速发展,但制造显像管所需的大量优质矿石和化工原料的开采和合成过程却破坏了自然生态环境,还造成环境污染.同时,大量被淘汰和不合格的显像管被简单处理,造成巨大的优质资源浪费.采用系统分析的方法,对废显像管玻璃再利用进行环境分析,从而找出适合我国的废显像管玻璃循环经济模式,并使用模糊综合评价对废显像管玻璃循环经济效益的综合评价方式进行了探讨.     

多粘类芽孢杆菌GA1产絮凝剂的培养基和分段培养工艺

对1株从土壤中筛选的产絮凝剂微生物GA1进行了研究.该菌株经形态学特征、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列(GenBank序列登陆号为DQ166375)相似性分析鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌,并命名为Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1.对其进行了产絮凝剂培养条件和培养工艺的研究.结果表明:GA1产絮凝剂的最佳培养基成分(g/L)为蔗糖40.0、酵母浸膏4.0、K₂HPO₄5.0、KH₂PO₄、2.0、NaCl 0.1、MgSO₄ 0.2.研究了该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件,包括培养基的初始pH、培养温度、摇床速度和接种量.同时针对其产絮凝剂和菌体生长的关系,首次将分段培养工艺应用于GA1产絮凝剂中,即在培养的初期24h内采用菌体生长最佳培养条件,在培养后期采用菌体产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件.结果表明,采用分段培养的工艺,既可保证GA1絮凝剂的产量,又能缩短培养周期.     

Exploring the impact of new particle formation events on PM2.5 pollution during winter in the Yangtze River Delta, China

New particle formation（NPF） events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate science. In this study, the particle number size distributions, and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February 2019. The proportions of the nucleation mode, Aitken mode, and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%, and 22.30%, respectively, which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in Hefei. Forty-six NPF events occurred during the obser...