吸附剂烟气脱砷的研究现状

大气砷污染问题日益引起人们的重视,吸附剂能够在去除烟气中砷的同时去除其他有害气体,是控制烟气砷含量、防止砷污染的有效途径.文章分析了砷在废气中的形态及分布,总结了近年来氧化钙、活性炭、飞灰和金属氧化物作为吸附剂用于烟气脱砷的最新研究进展,重点分析了各自的吸附机理及不同因素对脱砷过程的影响.指出吸附过程通常以化学吸附为主...     

进一步探讨内蒙古自治区环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作

随着内蒙古经济社会的快速发展,环境突发性事件应急监测存在一些新问题,根据内蒙古实际情况,探讨环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作思路,进一步保护环境和人类生命安全。     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的钴、钼

土壤样品的传统消解方法是用电热板硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸体系,消解时间长,试剂用量大,对操作人员身体危害大,并且测定结果也不准确。本文阐述了微波消解——原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的钴、钼。通过硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解体系,选择出微波消解的最佳消解条件,通过对微波消解体系和传统消解体系进行对比试验,微波消解体系具有赶酸时间短,准确度高,对人体危害小,是一种值得推广的土壤消解方法。     

甾醇对南山老龙洞地下河粪便污染的指示

分别于2014年10月,2015年1、3、5月采集重庆南山老龙洞地下河出口的水样,过滤取水悬浮物质,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)定量分析悬浮物中甾类物质的成分与质量浓度;利用多指标综合分析对南山老龙洞地下河粪便污染进行判断并追溯粪便污染物的主要来源.结果表明,样品中共测出10种甾类物质,其中包括9种醇类和1种酮类.总甾类物质的质量浓度为1 573~5 007 ng·L-1,且3、5月均大于10、1月.虽然各月间地下河的组成存在差异,但以胆固醇、β-谷甾醇和粪醇为主要成分,三者的质量浓度之和占总甾类的50.8%~80.4%.另外,(差向异构粪醇+粪醇)/(粪醇+差向异构粪醇+二氢胆固醇)的值均大于0.7,指示各月均受到粪便污染;10月差向异构粪醇/粪醇的值小于0.2,指示污水主要来自上游污水处理厂;1、3、5月的粪醇/ΣSteroids、粪醇/24-乙基粪醇的值分别为0.109~0.254、6.3~10.3,指示地下河主要受到人类粪便的影响;3月的24-乙基粪醇/24-乙基胆甾烷醇为0.86,小于1月的5.4和5月的2.3,说明该月地下河受家禽类动物粪便的影响较1月和5月严重.     

湖北省某钢铁厂工业区及周边铅污染调查

为了解湖北省某钢铁厂周边铅污染的现状,通过对钢铁厂工业区及其周边乡村的土壤、蔬菜、居民体内和排污渠污泥中铅元素含量的研究,其结果表明:钢铁厂周围的土壤、蔬菜、居民均受到了一定程度的铅等重金属元素的污染,其含量高于国家标准或正常范围;钢铁厂工业区周边土壤铅污染主要由于工业废气(烟尘)扩散沉降和废水灌溉引起;污染区人体尿样中铅元素含量(116～160 ng/mL)普遍超标,头发样(2.09～12.04 μg/g)基本正常,尿样比头发样更能显示铅等重金属元素在人体内的分布特征.     

大宝山矿区水体中重金属的行为研究

广东大宝山矿区矿山废水的排放使周边生态环境遭受了严重的破坏。水体中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的溶解态浓度分别达到13.82、50.83、0.103和2.91 mg.L-1。Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的溶解态和悬浮态含量沿河流主干道断面呈相似的空间分布规律,上游都是沿水流方向降低,下游因吸附于悬浮物中的重金属重新释放略有增加。悬浮物中重金属元素的化学形态提取和扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM/EDAX)表明:4种重金属元素都以残渣态为主要存在形态,其次为可还原态,个别断面的Cd可还原态甚至超过了残渣态的含量,说明该水体这4种元素对环境都有一定的潜在威胁性。     

Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China

Consumption of food crops contaminated with heavy metals is a major food chain route for human exposure. We studied the health risks of heavy metals in contaminated food crops irrigated with wastewater. Results indicate that there is a substantial buildup of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils, collected from Beijing, China. Heavy metal concentrations in plants grown in wastewater-irrigated soils were significantly higher (P相似文献   

Influence of organic amendments on diuron leaching through an acidic and a calcareous vineyard soil using undisturbed lysimeters

The influence of different organic amendments on diuron leaching was studied through undisturbed vineyard soil columns. Two composts (A and D), the second at two stages of maturity, and two soils (VR and Bj) were sampled. After 1 year, the amount of residues (diuron + metabolites) in the leachates of the VR soil (0.19-0.71%) was lower than in the Bj soil (4.27-8.23%), which could be explained by stronger diuron adsorption on VR. An increase in the amount of diuron leached through the amended soil columns, compared to the blank, was observed for the Bj soil only. This result may be explained by the formation of mobile complexes between diuron and water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) through the Bj soil, or by competition between diuron and WEOM for the adsorption sites in the soil. For both soils, the nature of the composts and their degree of maturity did not significantly influence diuron leaching.     

Mobilisation of sediment-associated metals from historical Pb working sites on the River Sheaf, Sheffield, UK

Spatial and temporal patterns of metal mobilisation from former water-powered, Pb working sites in a suburban area of Sheffield (UK) were investigated. Twelve time-integrated mass flux samplers were strategically deployed over two contrasting campaign periods (summer and winter). Suspended sediment samples were characterised magnetically and subjected to metal analysis. Metal levels in the upper River Sheaf showed a marked spatial and temporal variability. Pb concentrations in particular were relatively high (maximum 2132 mg kg(-1)). Their distribution tended to reflect the historical contamination of the valley by 17th to 19th century industry, especially during summer high discharge conditions. The mean suspended sediment Pb concentration (803 mg kg(-1)) exceeds contamination guidelines. It is unclear whether ground remediation of one of the seven floodplain sites in the catchment has been successful. The river is still affected by the legacy of at least two other Pb working sites.