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951.
An experimental study on using rare earth elements to trace phosphorous losses from nonpoint sources
Controlling phosphorous (P) inputs through management of its sources and transport is critical for limiting freshwater eutrophication. In this study, characteristics of exogenous rare earth elements (REEs) and P and their losses with surface runoff (both in the water and sediments) during simulated rainfall experiments (83 mm h−1) were investigated. The results revealed that on average most REEs (La, 94%; Nd, 93%; Sm, 96%) and P (96%) transported with sediments in the runoff. The total amounts of losses of REEs and P in the runoff were significantly correlated, suggesting the possibility of using REEs to trace the fate of agricultural nonpoint P losses. 相似文献
952.
The solid-liquid distribution coefficient (Kd) is the parameter that governs the incorporation of contaminants in soils. Its estimation allows the prediction of the fate of contaminants in the short- and long-term after a contamination event. Here, the Kd of radiostrontium (Kd(Sr)), a radionuclide of significant environmental interest, was predicted by hard models, which are based on knowledge of the mechanisms governing its sorption, and by soft models based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), using a large data set with the main soil parameters. The two approaches were tested and compared for 30 soils in Spain. Correlations between the predicted and experimental values of Kd(Sr) obtained using hard- and soft-modelling showed slopes close to 1 and regression coefficients higher than 0.95, which confirms that both approaches are able to obtain satisfactory estimates for Kd(Sr) from soil parameters. 相似文献
953.
Lopareva-Pohu A Verdin A Garçon G Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A Pourrut B Debiane D Waterlot C Laruelle F Bidar G Douay F Shirali P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1721-1729
Due to anthropogenic activities, large extends of soils are highly contaminated by Metal Trace Element (MTE). Aided phytostabilisation aims to establish a vegetation cover in order to promote in situ immobilisation of trace elements by combining the use of metal-tolerant plants and inexpensive mineral or organic soil amendments. Eight years after Coal Fly Ash (CFA) soil amendment, MTE bioavailability and uptake by two plants, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, were evaluated, as some biological markers reflecting physiological stress. Results showed that the two plant species under study were suitable to reduce the mobility and the availability of these elements. Moreover, the plant growth was better on CFA amended MTE-contaminated soils, and the plant sensitivity to MTE-induced physiological stress, as studied through photosynthetic pigment contents and oxidative damage was lower or similar. In conclusion, these results supported the usefulness of aided phytostabilisation of MTE-highly contaminated soils. 相似文献
954.
介绍了大冶有色金属公司饮料厂汽水车间地基土发生胀害原因的调查及试验分析。揭示了该地基土因受化学污染发生膨胀的机理,为治理已有裂缝和防止裂缝进一步发展,确保该建筑物安全使用提供了依据。 相似文献
955.
Marjo Palviainen Leena Finér Ari Laurén Samuli Launiainen Sirpa Piirainen Tuija Mattsson Mike Starr 《Ambio》2014,43(2):218-233
The long-term impacts of current forest management methods on surface water quality in Fennoscandia are largely unexplored. We studied the long-term effects of clear-cutting and site preparation on runoff and the export of total nitrogen (total N), total organic nitrogen (TON), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total phosphorus (total P), phosphate (PO4-P), total organic carbon, and suspended solids (SS) in three paired-catchments in Eastern Finland. Clear-cutting and soil preparation were carried out on 34 % (C34), 11 % (C11), and 8 % (C8) of the area of the treated catchments and wide buffer zones were left along the streams. Clear-cutting and soil preparation increased annual runoff and total N, TON, NO3-N, PO4-P, and SS loads, except for SS, only in C34. Runoff increased by 16 % and the annual exports of total N, TON, NO3-N, and PO4-P by 18, 12, 270, and 12 %, respectively, during the 14-year period after clear-cutting. SS export increased by 291 % in C34, 134 % in C11, and 16 % in C8 during the 14, 6, and 11-year periods after clear-cutting. In the C11 catchment, NO3-N export decreased by 12 %. The results indicate that while current forest management practices can increase the export of N, P and SS from boreal catchments for many years (>10 years), the increases are only significant when the area of clear cutting exceeds 30 % of catchment area. 相似文献
956.
957.
S. M. A. D. Zayed M. Farghaly F. Mahdy S. M. Soliman 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):595-604
The dissipation of (O-methyl-14C) monocrotophos and U-ring labelled 14C-carbaryl was monitored for over two years in absence and presence of other insecticides using in situ soil columns. The dissipation of 14C-monocrotophos from soil treated with methomyl and carbaryl showed a faster rate of downward movement than in a control column tagged with the labelled insecticide alone. The same trend was observed in experiments with 14C-carbaryl that dissipated more readily in soil treated with non-labelled monocrotophos and methomyl. In the presence of other insecticides the percentage of bound residues was generally lower than in control experiments. The bound residues at the top of the column are released at a low rate under conditions prevailing in the field. The overall time required for dissipation of 50% of monocrotophos and carbaryl (t50) as estimated from control experiment was approximately 20 and 24 weeks, respectively. The data indicate that repeated applications of pesticides might enhance the release of 14C-bound residues. 相似文献
958.
G T Brooks 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):619-621
The Pesticide Manual ‐ A World Compendium, 8th Edition, C.R. Worthing, Editor and S.B. Walker, Assistant Editor, British Crop Protection Council, BCPC Publications Sales, Bear Farm, Binfield, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 5QE, England. 1987, 1100 pp., UK £50; Overseas £56. ISBN 0–948404–01–9. 相似文献
959.
为解决土壤和沉积物样品中的汞、砷前处理中的一些问题,如耗时长、清洗流程复杂及汞污染等,建立了一种基于王水石墨密封消解体系的前处理新方法,结合原子荧光可用于土壤和沉积物中Hg和As的测定。在最优条件下,2种重金属元素测定结果表明,本方法具有较低的相对误差 (Hg, -9.3%~9.3%; As,-7.0%~5.1%) ,较高的加标回收率 (Hg, 93.2%~104.5%; As, 95.9%~103.5%) 。此外,本方法相关性能指标均优于现行标准方法,具有稳定性好、精密度好、准确度高等优点。更重要的是,本方法因采用成本低廉的一次性塑料管,无需消解管清洗,避免了汞的污染。而且,消解过程无需其它操作,消解液用量少,具有操作简单、成本低、无汞污染等优点,可用于大通量土壤和沉积物Hg、As含量的测定。 相似文献
960.
Lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soil from day care centres in the city of Bergen, Norway 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface soil (0-2cm) quality in 87 day care centres in the city of Bergen, Norway has been studied. Approximately 45% of the day care centres contained Pb and PAH values above recommended action levels. There are clear variations between different areas of the city. The old central part of the city hosts most of the contaminated day care centres. In suburban areas most of the day care centres have Pb and PAH concentrations below action levels. City fires, gas work emission, lead-based paint, and traffic are probably important anthropogenic contamination sources, together with uncontrolled transportation of soil from contaminated to clean areas. Geological or other natural sources are probably not an important contributor to the high levels of lead and PAH. 相似文献