环境监测布点在场地环境调查与风险评估中的应用--以XXX化肥厂为例

本文以某化肥厂场地为例,经过现场分析与场地污染识别分区结果,该区域内的地下水埋深在47m左右,本次调查中场地未揭露地下水。调查共分6个区域对样品的重金属类、石油烃类、VOC类、VOCs类、氰化物、硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐、氨氮及游离氨类进行了初步筛查;场地内的氨氮及游离氨有大量检出,在超标区域及附近区域需进行详细调查,增加点位,针对氨氮及游离氨进行采样分析。     

场地参数对地下水污染物健康风险评价影响的初步研究

通过单变量分析,考察含水率、容重和地下水埋深对挥发性有机污染物风险控制值的影响,结果表明土壤含水率、土壤容重和地下水埋深与风险控制值为正相关关系,土壤含水率和容重在超过某一阈值后,微小变化会使风险控制值产生较大的波动,因此建议在实际调查过程中提高水文地质勘察取样和测试质量,获得高代表性的数据,减少风险控制值的不确定性。     

关于土壤环境污染化学与化学修复研究与分析

土壤环境污染问题一直是困扰我国社会经济发展的重要难题,随着科学技术的不断进步,土壤环境污染修复技术也取得了创新与进步。化学修复是土壤环境污染修复的重要举措,同时多样化的化学修复技术为土壤环境污染问题提供了更加科学与合理的修复途径,因此化学修复具有较强的适用性。本文就土壤环境污染化学及化学修复技术进行全面探讨和研究,希望推动相关领域的创新发展。     

某重点行业企业用地疑似污染区域识别

本文以上海市一家重点行业企业为例介绍了疑似污染区域的识别过程,并提出了在疑似污染区域识别过程中的注意事项及重点关注区域。     

新疆某石化企业周边土壤中多环芳烃调查与评价

本文以新疆某石化企业周边土壤作为调查对象,分析其中16种多环芳烃的含量,分析结果表明,该石化企业周边土壤中多环芳烃的含量处于安全水平。     

镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理

以实际生活污水为研究对象,在序批式活性污泥反应器中探究了Ni2+对活性污泥形态及生物除磷性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ni2+能够抑制生物除磷,当Ni2+质量浓度由0 mg/L增加至10.0 mg/L时,PO43--P去除率由93%下降至12%。机理研究结果表明：Ni2+能抑制聚磷微生物的厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷,并能抑制内聚物聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的合成;当Ni2+质量浓度为10.0 mg/L时,PHA的最大含量仅为2.4 mmol/g （以单位质量挥发性悬浮物所含PHA中C的物质的量计）,远低于空白组中PHA的含量。此外,Ni2+还对微生物群落的组成产生影响,并促进活性污泥中聚糖微生物的增殖。     

Association between plant species diversity and edaphic factors in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,northwestern China

The lower reaches of the Heihe River, in northwestern China, is characterised by unique local edaphic conditions that have influenced the development of local desert riparian forests. This study examines the variations in spatial variation patterns to reveal the relationships between plant species diversity and soil moisture/salinity/texture gradients at different soil depths, providing insights into the management and restoration of vegetation in ecosystems in the study area. The species–environmental relationships are investigated by redundancy analysis based on the plant species diversity matrix and the edaphic gradient matrix. A survey of 61 sampling plots identified 37 plant species in the study area. The distribution pattern of the plant species diversity are mainly affected by soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil texture at different soil depths. These edaphic factors are able to explain 98.47% of the total variation in the analysed vegetation dataset. Soil moisture, salinity, and texture content vary in terms of both the soil depths and the vegetation types in the study area. The plant community Class IV, xeric shrub, has the lowest soil water content among different vegetation types. The surface soil salinity differs for different plants and follows the order: Sophora alopecurides?>?Tamarix chinensis?>?Populus euphratica.     

污染土壤的物理/化学修复

将土壤污染物分为非卤代VOCs、卤代VOCs、非卤代SVOCs、无机物等8大类型,并在分析污染土壤原位修复和异位修复两种方式不同特点的基础上,根据各种修复技术的不同作用原理,较为全面地介绍了目前国内外各种物理/化学修复的技术原理、适用性、局限性、实施时间及处理成本等,具体包括化学淋洗、蒸汽抽提、强化破裂、空气喷射、可渗透反应墙、固化/稳定化、电动学、物理分离、热解吸、玻璃化等修复技术.针对几种常见的土壤污染类型,列举了一些可行的组合修复工艺.     

微波萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的研究

建立了微波萃取一高效液相色谱测定土壤中多环芳烃组分的方法,详尽地叙述了土样预处理过程。当土壤样品取样量为10g时,在荧光检测器上响应的组分检出限为1-10ng／kg,在二极管阵列检测器上响应的组分检出限为0．25-0．5μg/kg。加标回收率为84．3％-93．3％,回收率较高,相对标准偏差为2．8％-5．8％,精密度较好。方法简便、灵敏。     

Sustainability of farmers' soil fertility management practices: a case study in the North China Plain

To ensure regional self-sufficiency and adequate rural livelihoods in the North China Plain (NCP), tremendous efforts were made over the last two decades by the Chinese government to raise the productivity of crops, despite increasing pressure on the land caused by a growing population. Emphasis was placed on high external input use, especially for wheat, maize and cotton, ignoring the particularities and limitations of the natural resource base. This study assesses the sustainability of current soil fertility management practices on the basis of selected location-specific indicators, such as fertilizer use, soil pH, soil organic matter content, levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil, and identifies determining factors of the yield and environmental impacts of inputs use. Data used for the analysis were gathered from soil tests, groundwater and chive plant tests, household surveys, and statistical yearbooks. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is applied to determine factors affecting the yields. The study revealed unbalanced use of nutrients. Organic fertilizers (manure, crop residues) and K are insufficiently applied, whereas N and P are considerably overused in comparison with recommended doses. The intensive cropping in the area using high-input technologies -particularly fertilizer- has resulted in a remarkable general enhancement of crop productivity and improvement of soil fertility over the years. The yield of wheat and maize has increased 173 and 180 kg ha(-1) annually from 1982 to 2000, respectively and soil fertility status also improved over the years and the values of the selected indicators are within the borderline for sustainability. Irrigation water, FYM application, and total labor used during the cultivation season (with the exception of cotton and chive) for production are the main factors determining the yields of four major crops under study, while popularly and overly used N did not appear to be a significant factor affecting the yield. Its overuse, however, leads to leaching of nitrate into groundwater and nitrate enrichment of vegetables. Of 20 groundwater samples, 16 showed nitrate levels between 55 and 180 mg l(-1), which exceeds recommendations for drinking water (相似文献