工业废水和城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯残留分析

建立了以HLB固相萃取柱和反相液相色谱法测定水体中8种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法,并对方法的回收率、灵敏度进行了评价,同时分析了北京市七类典型污染点源50个采样点位邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度,检出的邻苯二甲酸酯包括DBP、DEHP、BBP、DEP和DCHP,它们的检出率分别为66%、62%、36%、10%和6%,工业废水和城市污水中主要邻苯二甲酸酯残留为DBP和DEHP。检出邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度范围为0.20~848.14μg/L。方法对邻苯二甲酸酯的回收率达到75.1%~115.5%,最低检出限0.10~0.62μg/L。     

固体吸附热脱附气相色谱质谱法测定半导体行业废气中的VOC_S

采用固体吸附热脱附气相色谱质谱法对半导体行业废气中的VOCs进行了测定,每个分析物质的方法捡出限0.02mg/m3,回收率73%～123%,线性范围宽.     

SPME-GC同时测定地表水环境质量标准特定项目中硝基苯类和氯苯类化合物

针对地表水特定项目有机物中硝基苯类和氯苯类的测定,采用固相微萃取(SPME)前处理技术,用毛细管色谱柱进行色谱分离,用ECD检测器进行测定。SPME富集效率达118~1352倍,检出限为0.00004~0.05μg/L,方法的线性相关系数为0.9963~0.9999,RSD为2.0%~11.0%,加标回收率为87.0%~108%,所有技术参数均可满足地表水环境质量标准。该方法简单、快捷、无污染且省时省力,具有较好的推广性。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状 Ⅰ日本废弃物问题的现状与对策

根据日本废弃物管理的基本原则与存在的问题,介绍了目前日本废弃物的管理制度与现状。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水体中17种抗生素

建立了一种超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定饮用水源中17种超痕量水平抗生素的分析方法。采用Oasis HLB柱对500 mL pH=5含目标物的水样进行富集,干燥15 min后,用5%氨水甲醇洗脱,氮吹后定容至1 mL。用C₁₈柱吸附目标物,并用0.1%甲酸水和甲醇对目标物进行分离,采用正离子电喷雾电离模式在多反应监测通道中对目标物同时进行分析。该方法检出限为0.07~0.78 ng/L,超痕量水平下回收率范围为75.8%~108%。该方法灵敏度高,精密度为1.8%~15.0%,适用于同时测定饮用水源等水体中的抗生素。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析水体中六溴环十二烷异构体

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS-MS)准确测定水体中六溴环十二烷(HBCD)3种异构体(α-HBCD、β-HBCD、y-HBCD)残留量的方法.样品添加13C-HBCD后,以二氯甲烷液液萃取,萃取液经硅胶柱净化后,以甲醇-0.2％氨水溶液为流动相通过BDS-C18色谱柱进行分离,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)、负离子模式对HBCD异构体进行分析.该方法线性范围为0.5 ～ 100 μg/L,α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD 3种异构体检出限分别为0.42、0.52、0.48 ng/L,平均回收率分别为88％、84％、86％,相对标准偏差均小于6.5％.应用该法对黄海沿岸21个采样站位水样进行分析,其中13个采样站位有HBCD 3种异构体的检出,表明该法适用于水体中HBCD的检测.     

Experimental investigations on a forced convection solar air heater using packed bed absorber plates with phase change materials

In this work, the performance of a forced convection solar air heater was evaluated using using three packed bed absorber plate configurations and compared with flat absorber plate. The phase change material (paraffin wax) was packed in the pin-fin, trianglular and circular absorber plate configurations. The performance parameters such as, outlet air temperature, thermo-hydraulic efficiency, exergy efficiency and pressure drop were predicted and compared. The results showed that the packed bed absorber plate configurations using paraffin wax have higher outler air temperature in the range of 2–5°C with 3–40% higher thermo-hydraulic efficiency and 2–20% higher exergy efficiency when compared to flat absorber plate. However, the packed bed absorver plates have higher pressure drop when compared to flat absorber plate.     

Influence of the elastic behaviour of liquids on transient flow from pressurised containments

Release of liquids from vessels and pipelines is a very important scenario in consequence assessment. When the operating pressure is significant, its evolution and the corresponding discharge rate are affected by the elastic behaviour of the liquid. Bulk modulus is the key-driver of the related fluid-dynamics and is expected to govern the elastic-to-atmospheric pressure transition. Despite the well known physical background, the availability of release models relevant to the elastic phase is rather poor, compared to those relevant to vapours, gases and atmospheric liquids. On the other hand, if the operating pressure is high, release times and dynamics are expected to be strongly affected by the elastic behaviour and prediction of release time and flow rate is fundamental. This article carries outs a general analysis of the elastic behaviour of liquids, including water and hydrocarbons. Lumped (vessel-type) and distributed (pipeline) parameters systems have been modelled with the aim to characterize the pressure evolution during the elastic phase and to evaluate the significance of the associated duration. The findings have shown that, depending on pressure and geometric features, the importance of the elastic phase is high and that the availability of reliable and relatively simple models could be beneficial in consequence assessment. The approach is strictly valid for non-boiling liquid, but accounting for vaporisation of flashing or boiling liquids such as LPG and LNG would not imply significant complications.     

上海市污水二期干线排水风险评估及安全保障

上海市污水二期干线是上海市一条重要的排污干线,其安全运行对保障市区的排水安全具有重要的意义。通过建立污水二期干线管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对污水二期干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测在超强暴雨条件下污水二期干线的排水风险,提出污水二期干线的排水安全保障方案,为上海市区的防洪保安奠定基础。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的甲基汞

根据巯基棉在一定酸性条件下能定量吸附甲基汞的原理,利用多通道并联的固相萃取装置,采用气相色谱（ECD）方法测定饮用水中痕量甲基汞,考察了水样pH值对回收率的影响。方法在10．0ug／L～50．0ug／L范围内线性良好,当采样体积为1．0L时,检出限为0．06ng／L,样品平行测定的加标回收率在79．6％-82．8％,相对标准偏差为2．5％。