鱼类样品中有机磷阻燃剂分析方法的优化研究

建立了鱼类组织样品中有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的分析方法,优化了萃取条件、净化条件、液相色谱条件和质谱检测参数。确定了生物样品经冷冻干燥后,以1∶1（V/V）的正己烷/二氯甲烷混合溶液进行加速溶剂萃取,利用氨基固相萃取柱进行净化,以1∶1（V/V）的正己烷/二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷和9∶1（V/V）的二氯甲烷/甲醇为洗脱液,最后用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时对9种OPFRs进行定性定量检测。结果表明,各物质的基质加标回收率均为56.5%~108%,方法的测定下限为0.016~0.104 ng/g （以脂重计）,满足了生物样品中OPFRs的分析检测要求。利用该方法测定了北京和广州市养殖和野生鲫鱼肌肉组织样品,主要的OPFRs同族体为磷酸三正丁酯（TNBP）、磷酸三乙基己基酯（TEHP）、磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCIPP）和磷酸三氯乙基酯（TCEP）,质量比为5.94~33.7 ng/g（以脂重计）,显示出良好的适用性。     

高压输电线路并列架设空间工频电场研究

利用等效电荷法计算多线路并列架设空间工频电场。结果表明,并列架设输电线路之间的工频电场会出现不同程度的叠加或削减,进而影响线路下方工频电场的强度和变化趋势。提出了多线路并列架设的线路空间布置建议,为输电线路环境影响评价模拟类比线路选取提供参考。     

Presence of carbamazepine,naproxen, and ibuprofen in wastewater from northern Tunisia

We investigated the occurrence of three pharmaceutical residues in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from northern Tunisia. The selected compounds were carbamazepine, naproxen, and ibuprofen; they are among the most commonly prescribed and widely used pharmaceutical agents worldwide. Samples (200?mL) were pre-concentrated using the solid phase extraction (SPE) enrichment procedure and the analysis of the pharmaceuticals was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). The overall procedure provided limits of detection (LOD) lower than 0.5 µg.L^?1and recoveries of 78–97%. For the carbamazepine compound, the mean concentrations were 60.58, 93.19, and 132 µg.L^?1 for the Bizerte, Jendouba, and Tunis WWTPs, respectively. This pharmaceutical was not detected in the Beja WWTPs. Naproxen and ibuprofens were not detected in the Jendouba WWTP but were found in the three other WWTPs with concentrations ranging from 2.94 to 36.17 µg.L^?1 and from 8.02 to 43.22 µg.L^?1, respectively. From the obtained data, it seems that these WWTPs are not able to eliminate this kind of micro-pollutants.     

建筑围护结构节能与防火体系构建

从围护结构节能与防火一体化思路出发,提倡钢筋混凝土结构保温一体化建筑体系和砌体结构保温一体化建筑体系;尤其主张在我国建筑工业化全面升级的基础上大力开发与推广保温型混凝土预制装配化技术,统一建筑模数,实现标准化与多样化;针对预制装配化保温型混凝土在梁、构造柱等容易出现的冷、热桥问题的部位,创新式提出以相变储能材料与建筑结构相融合来提高建这些部位的热工性能,减少温度梯度;从系统上做到保温与建筑同寿命、免维护、工序少,工期短、耐火等,从而真正实现低碳,构建建筑围护结构节能防火一体化建筑体系。     

喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内气液两相流场的影响

提出了采用数值模拟的方法研究喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内部气液两相流场的影响。由于实际脱硫塔尺寸庞大,给实验研究带来困难且成本很高,在数值模拟平台上,分别模拟了45°、75°和-30°3种喷嘴角度布置下脱硫塔内部速度场、温度场变化以及湍流强度的分布情况。结果表明,在角度为-30°布置时速度场变化不是很剧烈,脱硫塔进出口温差比较理想,湍流强度在脱硫塔底部较大随着塔高的增加缓慢降低,这样有助于气液两相均匀混合,并控制出口烟温,有利于提高脱硫效率。     

固相萃取气相色谱法测定水中痕量六六六和滴滴涕

建立了固相萃取气相色谱测定水质中六六六、滴滴涕的方法,详尽地叙述了水样预处理过程。方法检测限较低,α六六六和γ六六六为1ng/L,β六六六、δ六六六和pp′DDE为2ng/L,op′DDT和pp′DDT为3ng/L,pp′DDD为4ng/L。加标回收率在88%～93%之间,回收较好,相对标准差均<2.5%,精密度好。方法快速、简便,避免了液液萃取的繁多手续。     

An inexact two-stage mixed integer linear programming method for solid waste management in the City of Regina

In this study, an interval-parameter two-stage mixed integer linear programming (ITMILP) model is developed for supporting long-term planning of waste management activities in the City of Regina. In the ITMILP, both two-stage stochastic programming and interval linear programming are introduced into a general mixed integer linear programming framework. Uncertainties expressed as not only probability density functions but also discrete intervals can be reflected. The model can help tackle the dynamic, interactive and uncertain characteristics of the solid waste management system in the City, and can address issues concerning plans for cost-effective waste diversion and landfill prolongation. Three scenarios are considered based on different waste management policies. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are valuable for supporting the adjustment or justification of the existing waste flow allocation patterns, the long-term capacity planning of the City's waste management system, and the formulation of local policies and regulations regarding waste generation and management.     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定地表水中氨基甲酸酯类农药

通过固相萃取法提取地表水中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药,萃取溶液经浓硫酸脱色,佛罗里硅土柱除杂,用柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定.在5μg/L～500μg/L范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好,仪器检出限低于1μg/L,水样平均加标回收率为90.0%～101%,RSD为1.1%～9.2%.     

焦炉工人PAHs空气日均暴露浓度分析

用个体采样器对100名受试者进行了可吸入颗粒物和气态样品的24h跟踪采集,并通过梯度洗脱一反相HPLC／可编程序荧光检测法定量分析了样品中14种多环芳烃。结果表明,不同受试人员多环芳烃空气日均暴露浓度存在很大差异,其中焦炉工人受多环芳烃中BaP空气日均暴露浓度为0．5μg／m^3～1．7μg／m^3,炼纲厂工作人员和清洁区办公人员的BaP空气日均暴露浓度分别为0．02μg／m^3和0．01μg／m^3。不同受试人员多环芳烃空气日均暴露在PM10及气相中的分配比例也略有不同,焦炉工人的BaP空气日均暴露浓度有近99％来自PM10,一般人群为93％左右。指出2环、3环多环芳烃主要以气态形式存在,4环至6环多环芳烃主要分布在PM10中。     

灰色系统理论对我国垃圾产量的预测

为了给城市环境规划提供理论依据,需要对城市生活垃圾产量进行预测,以期揭示其变化规律和发展趋势,提出了预测模型,并进行分析研究。模型充分考虑了影响垃圾产量的多种因素,并通过灰色关联度分析,选取与垃圾产量最为相关的5个因素,建立了包括多个因素指标的GM(1,1)预测模型。该模型考虑了城市生活垃圾产量的主要影响因素,得到的拟合数据比较理想,预测模型和结果也更为合理可信。