海上钻井废弃物集中处置技术及工程化应用

针对海上钻井废弃物,从来源及危害出发,介绍了海上钻井废弃物的集中贮存特点,概述了钻井废弃物集中处置一般流程,分析了钻井废弃物集中处置过程中存在的一些难点问题及解决方法,整理了目前常见的钻井油泥/岩屑环保处置技术及应用情况。     

大型溞对氰法、锑冶炼碱渣的毒性评价

采用大型溞为试验生物对氰渣、锑冶炼碱渣进行毒性试验研究.结果表明,氰渣、锑冶炼碱渣能够抑制大型溞的运动,并造成溞的大量死亡.所测得的半数运动受抑制浓度EC_(50)值,氰渣24h为7.5％,48h及96h分别为0.24％,锑冶炼碱渣96hEC_(50)值为98％.所测得的半数致死浓度LC_(50)值,48及96h分别为0.43％及0.19％.     

Comparison of test procedures for sediment toxicity evaluation with Vibrio fischeri bacteria

The use of bacterial luminescence assays is particularly effective in the contaminated sediment evaluation. In the present study, a comparison was made of different baterial luminescence assays including acute toxicity of elutriates with Microtox® and LUMIStox®; chronic toxicity of elutriates with LUMIStox®; and, acute toxicity of solvent extracts with both the tests and the Solid Phase test with Microtox. The toxicity assay procedures were utilised for the Po River sediment toxicity evaluation, testing samples with different physical and chemical characteristics. The results evidentiated that each sediment test procedures provided indipendent and complementary ecotoxicological responces usefull for a sediment classification of the most polluted samples.     

稳健GM(1,1)模型在工业固废产生量预测中的应用

本文提出了稳健灰色模型,并用该模型建立了山东省工业固体废物产生量数学模型。结果表明,稳健ＧＭ（１,１）模型比通常的ＧＭ（１,１）模型更具预测应用价值。     

多途径实现城市垃圾无害化处理

从多方面分析了城市垃圾对环境、对人类健康造成的危害,以及在垃圾处理过程中形成的二次污染。并提出了相应的对策,以实现城市垃圾的无害化处理。     

Methodological aspects of life cycle assessment of integrated solid waste management systems

Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) developed rapidly during the 1990s and has reached a certain level of harmonisation and standardisation. LCA has mainly been developed for analysing material products, but can also be applied to services, e.g. treatment of a particular amount of solid waste. This paper discusses some methodological issues which come into focus when LCAs are applied to solid waste management systems. The following five issues are discussed. (1) Upstream and downstream system boundaries: where is the ‘cradle’ and where is the ‘grave’ in the analysed system? (2) Open-loop recycling allocation: besides taking care of a certain amount of solid waste, many treatment processes also provide additional functions, e.g. energy or materials which are recycled into other products. Two important questions which arise are if an allocation between the different functions should be made (and if so how), or if system boundaries should be expanded to include several functions. (3) Multi-input allocation: in waste treatment processes, different materials and products are usually mixed. In many applications there is a need to allocate environmental interventions from the treatment processes to the different input materials. The question is how this should be done. (4) Time: emissions from landfills will continue for a long time. An important issue to resolve is the length of time emissions from the landfill should be considered. (5) Life cycle impact assessment: are there any aspects of solid waste systems (e.g. the time horizon) that may require specific attention for the impact assessment element of an LCA? Although the discussion centres around LCA it is expected that many of these issues are also relevant for other types of systems analyses.     

连续流新型厌氧反应器处理固体有机废物研究

采用自行设计的连续流厌氧消化反应器,接种瘤胃微生物后,对纤维素进行连续降解,固体有机物质负荷可以达到14g/L·d。在此符合范围内,反应器内pH值、挥发酸产量及产气量都很稳定,不会对反应产生抑制作用。     

Zinc recovery from hazardous construction wastes via an integrated process of the air classification,alkaline leaching,and water washing

Zinc- and lead-containing wastes are often mixed with construction and demolition wastes in many factories, generating abundant of heavy metal-enriched hazardous waste. In the present study, a novel integrated process of air classification, alkaline leaching, and water washing dechlorination was proposed for the efficient recycling of Zinc (Zn) resources. The first air classification process was realized via venturi tube, wherein the content of Zn could increase by 20 wt.%. After that, the product underwent an alkaline leaching process. Results showed that Zn recovery rate increased with fine particle sizes, and a 65% recovery rate was obtained under the following conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH, liquid/solid 10:1, and leaching time 1 h. Finally, water washing associated with microwave and ultrasonic treatments could remove over 85% of Cl and other water-soluble salts. All the results indicated that the integrated method had an excellent recovery rate for Zn resources from construction and demolition wastes.     

泰安市医疗废物的特性研究

通过实验分析了医疗废物的组成、灰分、水分、挥发分、固定碳和热值等特性参数,探讨其燃烧特性。研究表明,医疗废物具有高热值、高挥发分的特点,其热值远高于一般城市生活垃圾,而高挥发分的特点决定了其容易着火和稳定燃烧的特性。