南京市气溶胶PM2.5中多环芳烃来源识别

对2005年7月至2006年2月采集到的南京市气溶胶Pm2.5 进行季节性初步分析,并对其中的15种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析研究,通过比值法判断南京市PAHs夏季主要来源于柴油型燃烧,冬季主要来源于柴油和煤型相结合的燃烧.对15种优控PAHs两两之间的相关性分析,发现各化合物之间显著相关,表明各化合物的来源有相似之处.     

甘肃南部典型城镇PM2.5浓度及水溶性离子特征分析

为研究甘肃南部城镇PM_2.5及水溶性离子（WSIIs）浓度水平,于2019年4月—2020年2月在甘肃成县按季度进行PM_2.5样品采集,分析了其变化特征,并运用相关和主成分分析法进行来源解析.结果表明：采样期间甘肃成县PM_2.5年平均质量浓度为（57.2±26.9） μg·m^-3,表现为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的季节变化特征,冬季质量浓度约为夏季的1.9倍,全年空气质量优良率为81%,其中夏季达100%.WSIIs质量浓度呈现SO₄^2->NO₃^->Na⁺>NH₄⁺>Ca²⁺> K⁺>Cl^->Mg²⁺的特征.SNA是浓度水平最高的3种水溶性离子,占8种主要水溶性离子浓度的70.1%.ρ（NO₃^-）/ρ（SO₄^2-）平均值为0.6,表明工农业生产及化石燃料燃烧排放等固定源是颗粒物污染的主要来源.新型冠状病毒疫情期间人员管控对PM_2.5和水溶性离子中SNA质量浓度影响显著,PM_2.5平均质量浓度降幅达44.2%.源解析表明,PM_2.5中WSIIs主要来自化石燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧及二次源和道路建筑扬尘等.     

银川市冬季PM2.5重污染特征、来源与成因分析

近年来银川市冬季重污染过程频发,为明确银川市冬季PM_2.5重污染的特征,分析其主要来源及成因,于2016年12月-2017年1月在银川市选取3个采样点开展PM_2.5的样品采集与化学组分分析,利用CMB（化学质量平衡）模型对银川市冬季PM_2.5进行来源解析,对比分析了重污染日与非重污染日污染特征的差异.结果表明:①银川市冬季重污染日ρ（PM_2.5）[（181±33.6）μg/m3]是非重污染日的2.1倍;重污染日和非重污染日的ρ（NO₃-）/ρ（SO₄2-）均小于1,表明燃煤仍是银川市冬季PM_2.5的重要来源.银川市冬季PM_2.5中ρ（SOC）为（14.4±7.34）μg/m3,约占ρ（OC）的65.2%.②与非重污染日相比,重污染日人为源无机元素As、Pb、Cd和Zn质量浓度在ρ（PM_2.5）中的占比分别升高33.2%、18.4%、9.8%和2.9%,表明银川市冬季重污染主要受人为源贡献影响.③源解析结果表明,燃煤源、机动车尾气源、二次离子源和扬尘源是银川市PM_2.5的主要污染源,与非重污染日相比,重污染日机动车尾气源的贡献率明显降低.研究显示,银川市冬季重污染受人为源污染物排放的影响较大,燃煤源是银川市冬季PM_2.5的重要来源.      

沈阳市冬季大气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源解析

为研究沈阳市冬季PM_2.5和水溶性离子的污染特征,使用URG-9000D在线监测系统于2018年冬季对大气颗粒物和气体组分进行连续采样.结果表明,采样期间沈阳市PM_2.5的平均质量浓度为80.67 μg·m^-3,总水溶性离子质量浓度变化范围为2.68~132.79 μg·m^-3.与清洁天相比,污染天NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺（SNA）占比明显增加,占到PM_2.5的43.7%.静稳天气时SO₂短时间内的迅速累积使得沈阳市冬季大气PM_2.5有暴发性增长现象.Pearson相关性分析可知,SNA、Cl^-与PM_2.5之间的相关系数均达0.78以上,表明沈阳市冬季PM_2.5的主要贡献组分为SNA和Cl^-.PMF源解析表明沈阳市冬季污染物来源主要包括二次反应源、燃煤和生物质燃烧源以及扬尘源.     

陕北矿区典型河流多环芳烃的赋存特征、来源及毒性风险分析

为研究陕北矿区内典型河流窟野河水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)的赋存水平、空间分布、来源和生态风险,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器串联荧光检测器法,对研究区水体中59个采样点的16种PAHs进行了定量检测分析.结果表明,窟野河水体中■范围为50.06～278.16 ng·L^-1,平均值为128.22 ng·L^-1;单体浓度范围为0～121.22 ng·L^-1,其中■的检出浓度最高,平均值为36.58 ng·L^-1,其次是苯并[a]蒽和菲;各单体检出率均在70%以上,12种单体的检出率为100%; 59个采样点中4环PAHs的相对丰度较大,占比范围为38.59%～70.85%;各采样点间浓度差异显著,浓度高值点主要集中在矿业活动工业区和人口密集区;与国内外其它河流相比,窟野河水体中PAHs浓度处于中等水平.运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF),结合特征比值法,对PAHs的来源种类与来源贡献进行了定量分析,表明窟野河中上游工业区水体中PAHs主要来源于焦化和石油类物质排放(34.67%)、煤炭燃烧(30.62...     

Seasonal change of PCDDs/PCDFs/DL-PCBs in the water of Ayase River, Japan: pollution sources and their contributions to TEQ

In Japan, Ayase River is one of the most polluted rivers by PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs, which are referred to as dioxins in this paper. The water samples of the river were collected once per month for a year, and dioxins were analyzed to examine the dioxin sources and their contributions to toxic equivalent (TEQ). The WHO-2006 TEQs ranged from 0.26 to 7.0 pg-TEQ L⁻¹ and the average was 2.7 pg-TEQ L⁻¹; eight of 12 samples exceeded the environmental quality standard in Japan (1.0 pg-TEQ L⁻¹). The TEQ value was high during the irrigation period from May to August. The most part of the dioxins in the river water existed in suspended solids (SS) and it seemed that the river received water with highly-dioxin-contaminated SS in the irrigation period. The homologue profiles of the water samples suggested that the dioxins were influenced by pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chlornitrofen (CNP) formulations which were widely used as herbicides for the paddy fields in Japan. According to TEQ apportionment estimated by using indicative congeners, the TEQ was mainly contributed by PCP. Moreover, it was also shown that the TEQ contributions of PCP and CNP formulations increased along with the increase of the total TEQ and the TEQ contribution was dominated by these herbicides during the irrigation period. Therefore, it was concluded that the herbicides-originated dioxins run off from the paddy fields into the river during the irrigation period and increased the dioxins level in the river water. The result from the principal component analysis was consistent with these conclusions.     

Occurrence, source diagnosis, and biological effect assessment of DDT and its metabolites in various environmental compartments of the Pearl River Delta, South China: A review

This review summarizes and analyzes available data in the literature (mostly after 2000) on the occurrence of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and chlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in the environment of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. Generally, the concentration levels of the sum of DDT, DDD, and DDE, designated as DDTs thereafter, have not significantly declined since 1983. However, the composition of DDTs residues has changed with time. DDTs in soil, freshwater sediment and freshwater fish species were mainly residues from chronological use. There is evidence that new point sources, such as dicofol and anti-fouling paint, may have contributed DDTs to various environmental compartments. Risk assessment against existing criteria indicated that the levels of DDTs in water and some fish species may pose adverse effects to humans or wildlife, and those in sediment/soil may also cause negative impacts to the eco-environment of the PRD.     

沈阳地区冬季空气颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析

文章利用2016～2017年冬季沈阳地区气象数据和环境空气污染物浓度数据,综合分析沈阳地区冬季环境空气污染特征,分析颗粒物输送路径以及潜在源区贡献情况.结果表明,沈阳地区冬季污染时段内PM2.5是主要污染物,PM2.5平均浓度达到149μg/m3,最大值达到273 μg/m3.沈阳地区环境空气颗粒物除来源于本地排放外,...     

嘉兴市城市河网区多环芳烃污染源解析及生态风险评价

为研究嘉兴市城市河网区水体中多环芳烃的污染水平和来源并进行生态风险评价,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对环境优控多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析检测.结果表明,枯水期和丰水期分别检测出10种和16种优控PAHs,质量浓度范围分别为77.32~283.76ng ·L^-1和13.05~133.02ng ·L^-1,平均质量浓度分别为143.83ng ·L^-1和73.47ng ·L^-1;枯水期低环（2环和3环）占比79.18%,丰水期低环占比73.60%;嘉兴市河网区水体多环芳烃污染情况与国内外其他地区相比处于较低水平;采用同分异构比值法和主成分分析法进行污染来源分析,结果表明嘉兴市枯水期和丰水期河网水体中多环芳烃污染主要来源为城市面源污染、燃烧源以及交通污染源;Kalf风险熵值法评价结果表明,枯水期：萘（Nap）、苊烯（Acy）、二氢苊（Ace）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）、蒽（Ant）、荧蒽（Fla）、芘（Pyr）和苯并［a］蒽（BaA）以及∑PAHs为中等生态风险水平,丰水期：萘（Nap）、苊烯（Acy）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）、荧蒽（Fla）、芘（Pyr）、苯并［a］蒽（BaA）、苯并［b］荧蒽（BbF）、苯并［k］荧蒽（BkF）、苯并［a］芘（BaP）、茚苯［1,2,3-cd］芘（InP）和苯并［ghi］苝（BghiP）属于中等生态风险水平,∑PAHs为低生态风险水平;总体而言,嘉兴市河网水体中PAHs生态风险呈中等水平,有关部门需采取措施降低河网水体中PAHs的生态风险.     

温室气体的“源”与“汇”及其防治对策

从"源"与"汇"理论入手,分析大气中四种主要温室气体CO2、CH4、N2O和CFCs的"源"与"汇",并提出相应防治对策。