大安山矿轴10下槽煤层回风巷道让压支护模拟与试验

大安山矿已经进入深部开采阶段,高应力、大变形巷道支护问题日益突显.为维护矿井深埋巷道稳定,引进高强让压锚杆支护技术控制深埋巷道大变形.根据轴10下槽煤层回风巷道实际情况,运用FLAC3D软件数值模拟高强锚杆和高强让压锚杆支护条件下围岩响应情况,并在现场展开让压支护技术试验.对比分析模拟与试验结果表明,数值仿真与现场实际较为一致,高强让压锚杆支护技术能够显著改善深埋巷道应力状态,有效控制深埋巷道大变形,保证矿井安全生产.     

标准化动车组车窗(门)气压疲劳试验的装置研究

标准化动车组相关标准规定对样车的车窗(门)需进行交变气压载荷疲劳试验,以验证车窗(门)结构的疲劳强度。根据现有通用的车窗(门)气压疲劳实验装置,设计了另外一种新型的试验装置。本装置原理简单,操作方便,通用性能很强,能适用于不同的压力、频率、波形的试验条件,并可以采集到车窗(门)在交变载荷下的应变、形变值,为验证动车组车窗(门)在交变气压载荷下的疲劳强度特性提供了重要的试验手段。     

Response surface modeling-based source contribution analysis and VOC emission control policy assessment in a typical ozone-polluted urban Shunde, China

To develop a sound ozone (O₃) pollution control strategy, it is important to well understand and characterize the source contribution due to the complex chemical and physical formation processes of O₃. Using the “Shunde” city as a pilot summer case study, we apply an innovative response surface modeling (RSM) methodology based on the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling simulations to identify the O₃ regime and provide dynamic analysis of the precursor contributions to effectively assess the O₃ impacts of volatile organic compound (VOC) control strategy. Our results show that Shunde is a typical VOC-limited urban O₃ polluted city. The “Jiangmen” city, as the main upper wind area during July 2014, its VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions make up the largest contribution (9.06%). On the contrary, the contribution from local (Shunde) emission is lowest (6.35%) among the seven neighbor regions. The local VOCs industrial source emission has the largest contribution comparing to other precursor emission sectors in Shunde. The results of dynamic source contribution analysis further show that the local NO_x control could slightly increase the ground O₃ under low (10.00%) and medium (40.00%) reduction ratios, while it could start to turn positive to decrease ground O₃ under the high NO_x abatement ratio (75.00%). The real-time assessment of O₃ impacts from VOCs control strategies in Pearl River Delta (PRD) shows that the joint regional VOCs emission control policy will effectively reduce the ground O₃ concentration in Shunde.     

Size distribution, directional source contributions and pollution status of PM from Chengdu, China during a long-term sampling campaign

Long-term and synchronous monitoring of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was conducted in Chengdu in China from 2007 to 2013. The levels, variations, compositions and size distributions were investigated. The sources were quantified by two-way and three-way receptor models (PMF2, ME2-2way and ME2-3way). Consistent results were found: the primary source categories contributed 63.4% (PMF2), 64.8% (ME2-2way) and 66.8% (ME2-3way) to PM₁₀, and contributed 60.9% (PMF2), 65.5% (ME2-2way) and 61.0% (ME2-3way) to PM_2.5. Secondary sources contributed 31.8% (PMF2), 32.9% (ME2-2way) and 31.7% (ME2-3way) to PM₁₀, and 35.0% (PMF2), 33.8% (ME2-2way) and 36.0% (ME2-3way) to PM_2.5. The size distribution of source categories was estimated better by the ME2-3way method. The three-way model can simultaneously consider chemical species, temporal variability and PM sizes, while a two-way model independently computes datasets of different sizes. A method called source directional apportionment (SDA) was employed to quantify the contributions from various directions for each source category. Crustal dust from east-north-east (ENE) contributed the highest to both PM₁₀ (12.7%) and PM_2.5 (9.7%) in Chengdu, followed by the crustal dust from south-east (SE) for PM₁₀ (9.8%) and secondary nitrate & secondary organic carbon from ENE for PM_2.5 (9.6%). Source contributions from different directions are associated with meteorological conditions, source locations and emission patterns during the sampling period. These findings and methods provide useful tools to better understand PM pollution status and to develop effective pollution control strategies.     

盐雾环境对军用飞机高强螺栓疲劳极限的影响

目的研究军用飞机高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下的疲劳极限变化。方法采用中性盐雾试验对30CrMnSiA高强螺栓进行预腐蚀试验,试验持续时间为360 h,而后再进行96 hCASS试验。腐蚀后对样品进行疲劳试验,并与未腐蚀的样品进行S-N曲线对比分析,并分析其疲劳断口形貌变化。结果在进行盐雾试验后螺栓发生腐蚀,疲劳极限降低28.4%。结论军用飞机用高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下易发生腐蚀,疲劳极限出现明显降低现象,其主要原因为疲劳试验有效面积减少。     

高强度钢代镉铝基涂层耐海洋环境腐蚀性能评价

目的评价高强度结构钢300M上电镀镉-钛、离子镀铝、无水电镀铝三种防护涂层的耐海洋环境腐蚀性能。方法采用中性盐雾试验和海洋环境大气暴露试验进行评价,并在试验后观察涂层宏观、微观形貌,分析腐蚀产物成分。结果离子镀铝涂层表面在盐雾试验96 h出现白色的腐蚀产物、336 h出现红色的腐蚀产物;电镀铝在336 h出现白色的腐蚀产物、500 h出现红色的腐蚀产物。电镀镉-钛盐雾试验1000 h没有白色腐蚀产物。离子镀铝涂层和电镀铝涂层海洋环境大气暴露试验0.5 a出现了白色的腐蚀点、1 a暴露试验后出现红色的腐蚀点,且在划叉区域出现了红色的腐蚀产物,而电镀镉-钛5 a户外暴露试验仅在划叉部分出现了少量的红色的腐蚀产物。离子镀铝涂层和电镀铝两种涂层均易发生铝涂层的点蚀,随着腐蚀时间的延长,点蚀深入,发生基体的腐蚀出现红锈。结论离子镀铝、无水电镀铝两种铝基涂层比电镀镉-钛的耐蚀性稍差,镉-钛镀层对基体有良好的牺牲阳极的作用,保护基体免受腐蚀,而铝涂层对基体的保护作用较弱,划叉部位出现红色的腐蚀。     

Opposite response of phosphorus sorption to pH and ionic strength: a comparative study in two different shallow lake sediments

Phosphorus (P) sediment sorption is regarded as the most important buffering process against P increases in overlying water. In this study, two shallow eutrophic sediments (Mei and Hua) with distinct compositions were selected to assess effects of pH (from 6 to 9) and ionic strength (IS) (0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M KCl) on P sorption. In Mei sediments, the P sorption decreased as pH increased (6.97–9.13), but it increased as IS increased over the pH range in question. These results could be attributed to the negatively charged surface of Mei sediments, as indicated by the salt titration curve, and the high cation exchange capacity (CEC). P sorption in Hua sediments was facilitated by a pH increase (6.12–7.49), but it was hindered by an IS increase. A reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is that calcium phosphate precipitates at high pHs and that Cl^? exchanges with P because the surface is weakly charged (small CEC). These results indicate that the sediment P sorption may have trends opposite to one another in relation to the salt change (e.g. drought and rainy season) in the lake water between the two sediments. These data provide additional support to explain P concentration variations in lakes.     

京津风沙源治理工程生态效益评估——以翁牛特旗为例

通过以实地调查和京津风沙源治理工程建设任务及投资数据为基础,以县域土地利用及社会经济相关数据作为参考,对内蒙古翁牛特旗京津风沙源治理工程生态效益进行了全面评估。结果表明,内蒙古翁牛特旗森林生态系统服务主要是水源涵养、保护生物多样性和固碳释氧,占总服务价值的86.1%。京津风沙源建设工程在遏制沙化土地蔓延和改善周边区域环境质量等方面效果显著。京津风沙源治理工程在生态、经济、社会方面的贡献巨大,工程建设取得了较好的成效。     

Dealing with uncertainty in qualitative models with a semi-quantitative approach based on simulations. Application to the Gironde estuarine food web (France)

In the context of ecosystem approach to fisheries, it is a critical issue to build management tools able to predict the possible trajectories of ecosystems under various human pressure or environmental variations, but also capable to point out influent and sensitive components.     

膜吸收法处理高氨氮废水的研究

对影响膜吸收过程的几个因素进行了正交实验和其他相关实验 ,结果表明 ,在一般情况下 ,废水中的pH为显著影响因素 ,而温度、废水流速和废水中氨氮浓度都不是显著影响因素 ;吸收液 (H2 SO4 )浓度在 0 .5mol/L以上时 ,传质系数K值变化很小。