基于有限元强度折减法的露天磷矿高边坡稳定性分析

针对尖山磷矿开采实际情况,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了考虑重力载荷作用的高边坡体稳定性分析数值模型,运用强度折减法折减边坡岩体的黏聚力和内摩擦角,根据计算结果分析尖山磷矿东采区高边坡在重力作用下的稳定情况。结果表明:当折减系数由1.33增加到1.34时,高边坡体的位移、塑性应变发生突变,通过边坡失稳的主要判据判定目前尖山磷矿东采区高边坡的安全系数为1.33,边坡稳定。     

采场前方支承压力分布规律数值模拟研究

采煤工作面前方移动支承压力在矿压显现中起主导作用,往往是矿井复杂动力现象的力源。结合矿井具体地质条件,采用FLAC数值模拟研究煤层厚度、开采深度、煤体强度对支承压力分布特征的影响,得出在其它地质和生产技术条件一定的情况下,采场前方支承压力分布的基本规律,为确定采面前方支承压力影响区范围、回采巷道超前支护范围以及优化支护方案提供了参考。     

辽宁中部地区沙尘来源及输送方式分析

以2010年春季3~5月间,辽宁省沈阳市、盘锦市、铁岭市3城市发生的3次沙尘天气为主要研究对象,利用安德森大流量采样器采集大气中悬浮颗粒物样品,分析不同沙尘天气状况下的颗粒物粒径组成,并结合气象状况采用后推气流轨迹模型,通过沙尘来临时3城市上空不同高度的后推气流轨迹,分析得出3城市沙尘的主要来源为蒙古高原与西伯利亚地区,输送方式以高空远距离输送为主,并伴随部分低空近距离传输和本地扬尘共同作用。     

热蠕变性对除尘滤袋PTFE缝线强力的影响

缝线是影响除尘滤袋寿命及可靠性的重要因素之一,缝线在长期热烟气作用下失效的案例愈来愈引起业界的关注。通过热态拉伸试验研究了热蠕变性对袋式除尘器滤袋用PTFE缝线强力的影响。在持续高温下对PTFE缝线进行拉伸试验,结果表明:PTFE缝线的拉伸断裂强力随温度升高而大幅下降,试验温度在250℃以上时,其拉伸最大载荷仅1~3 N(线密度1 200~1 250 den);PTFE缝线的拉伸断裂伸长率随温度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在120℃左右达到最大值;高温环境对PTFE缝线的使用寿命有较大影响,缝线能在软化后受到外力作用而断裂失效,在实际工业生产中应给予关注。     

Impact analysis of multi-sensor layout on the source term estimation of hazardous gas leakage

In chemical industry, sensors are used to monitor the leakage and emission of hazardous materials that are used for hazard warning and risk assessment to ensure safety production. The traditional sensor layout designs the scheme at single-layer, and thus causes large deviations in the estimated height and accuracy of source term estimation (STE). In this study, a dual-layer layout scheme for sensors is proposed. The numerical experiments verify that the improved schemes with an equal number of sensors, as well as detection errors, are beneficial to the accuracy of the STE results. The influence of the heights of the sensors and leak source on the results of STE is studied. Results show that the dual-layer sensor scheme with adjacent intervals at high places in the potential search space is highly favorable to locate the leak, and the scheme arranged near the ground is conducive for improving the estimation accuracy of source intensity. This study also compares the STE results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulated scenarios under different sensor schemes and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed dual-layer sensor deployment scheme with adjacent intervals under turbulence condition.     

电梯层门机械强度的探讨

层门机械强度是电梯层门的一项重要特性,层门机械强度不足时门扇受力后容易产生较大变形甚至脱落,造成人员坠落井道的伤亡事故。本文对国内外电梯标准t层门机械强度要求条文进行了解析,基于国家标准中层门机械强度的规定,通过试验方法进行测试验证,指出国家现有标准中关于层门机械强度要求的不足之处。在此基础上,提出适合于我国的提高电梯层门机械强度的措施和方法,以期提升我国在用电梯层门的安全性。     

Mechanical analysis of infant carrying in hominoids

In all higher nonhuman primates, species survival depends upon safe carrying of infants clinging to body hair of adults. In this work, measurements of mechanical properties of ape hair (gibbon, orangutan, and gorilla) are presented, focusing on constraints for safe infant carrying. Results of hair tensile properties are shown to be species-dependent. Analysis of the mechanics of the mounting position, typical of heavier infant carrying among African apes, shows that both clinging and friction are necessary to carry heavy infants. As a consequence, a required relationship between infant weight, hair-hair friction coefficient, and body angle exists. The hair-hair friction coefficient is measured using natural ape skin samples, and dependence on load and humidity is analyzed. Numerical evaluation of the equilibrium constraint is in agreement with the knuckle-walking quadruped position of African apes. Bipedality is clearly incompatible with the usual clinging and mounting pattern of infant carrying, requiring a revision of models of hominization in relation to the divergence between apes and hominins. These results suggest that safe carrying of heavy infants justify the emergence of biped form of locomotion. Ways to test this possibility are foreseen here.     

城市扬尘污染现状及防治对策

扬尘是造成城市颗粒物污染严重的主要因素.论述了城市扬尘污染的现状、主要来源及其危害,并针对各种扬尘污染源提出了具体的防治对策。     

Food web structure affects the extinction risk of species in ecological communities

This paper studies the effect of food web structure on the extinction risk of species. We examine 793 different six-species food web structures with different number, position and strength of trophic links and expose them to stochasticity in a model with Lotka–Volterra predator–prey dynamics. The characteristics of species (intrinsic rates of increase as well as intraspecific density dependence) are held constant, but the interactions with other species and characteristics of the food web are varied.     

低浓度废水厌氧处理的研究进展

本文展望了国内外厌氧处理低浓度废水的研究进展状况。着重介绍了厌氧滤池（AF）、厌氧流化床（AFB）、上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）、厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床（EGSB）、厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）和厌氧序批式活性污泥法（ASBR）等。