污泥焚烧灰固化处理技术研究

研究了硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、高岭土和β-萘系减水剂在污泥焚烧灰固化技术中的应用效果。考察了污泥焚烧灰固化块(以下简称固化块)的抗压强度,测定了固化块的重金属浸出毒性,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析固化块组成和微观结构。结果表明,4种物质对提高固化块的抗压强度均具有较好的效果,硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、高岭土和β-萘系减水剂的适宜掺量分别为10、30、20、1.0g(以100g污泥焚烧灰中掺加的质量计)。XRD和SEM分析结果显示,经固化处理后制得的固化块结构密实,存在石英(SiO2)、水化硅铝酸钙(CaAl2Si2O8)和水化硅酸铝钙(Ca2Al2SiO7)等物质,其中水化硅铝酸钙等凝胶物质有利于提高固化块的抗压强度。     

商用蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂产品性能分析

选取4份国内不同催化剂厂家的蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂,测量并对比其机械性能和活性,结合理化特性分析催化剂机械性能与活性不达标的原因。结果表明,脱硝催化剂的机械性能和活性受多方面因素的影响。催化剂中主活性成分和助催化剂WO_3的含量,Ca O,K,Na,Mg等碱金属,碱土金属元素以及比表面积、孔容等微观孔结构都能影响催化剂的活性。SiO_2,Al2O_3等玻璃纤维含量和生产工艺会影响催化剂的机械性能。燃煤电厂需根据烟气条件对催化剂进行选型和设计,催化剂生产厂家必须优化和调整催化剂各生产环节工艺参数,严格把控原料质量,确保生产的催化剂产品同时具备良好的机械性能和较高的活性,以满足电厂实际需要。     

基于实现高强度充填体要求的全尾砂膏体配比试验研究

为了解决分级尾砂作为充填骨料存在的尾砂产率低、采场滤水严重、充填成本高等问题,以某典型矿山为背景,结合膏体充填的特性,分析了该矿充填存在的主要问题,总结并提出了改用全尾砂膏体充填的必要性,开展了全尾砂充填性能评价基础试验以及室内全尾砂膏体正交配比试验研究。研究结果表明:该矿全尾砂粒度适中偏粗,适合选用全尾砂膏体充填,全尾砂膏体充填体强度与分级尾砂充填体强度相当,选用该矿原有灰砂配比1∶4和1∶8即可达到下向充填法开采所需高强度充填体要求,对采用分级尾砂充填拟改为全尾砂膏体充填的矿山具有一定参考价值。     

A novel approach for characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution patterns in sediments from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A novel multivariate method based on principal component analysis of pre-processed sections of chromatograms is used to characterize the complex PAH pollution patterns in sediments from Guanabara Bay, Brazil. Five distinct sources of 3- to 6-ring PAHs could be revealed. The harbour is the most contaminated site in the bay, its plume stretches in a South West to North East direction and the chemical profile indicates mainly pyrogenic sources mixed with a fraction of high-molecular-weight petrogenic PAHs. Rio São João de Meriti is the second largest source of PAHs, and introduces mainly a fraction of low-molecular-weight petrogenic PAHs from the western region of Rio de Janeiro. The sites close to the ruptured pipeline at the Duque de Caxias Refinery show a distinctive pollution pattern indicating a heavy petroleum fraction. The method also led to the identification of new potential indicator ratios also involving coeluting peaks (e.g., triphenylene and chrysene).     

常温下ABR处理低浓度废水性能及污泥特性

研究了常温(17~25℃)下4隔室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理低浓度废水的运行效果及污泥特性。在水力停留时间(HRT)为24 h,进水COD浓度为1 500、1 000和500 mg/L左右时,平均COD去除率分别为94%、93%和87%。进水COD浓度保持在500 mg/L左右,将HRT降为12 h和8 h,COD的去除率仍达到83%以上。厌氧污泥性质测定结果表明,最后隔室中的污泥浓度、颗粒化程度及产甲烷活性与其他隔室相比明显较低,说明低浓度进水对最后隔室厌氧污泥的性质影响较大。颗粒污泥扫描电镜观察显示,各隔室颗粒污泥内部微生物组成差异较大,第1隔室颗粒污泥以产甲烷球菌为主,第2隔室颗粒污泥中没有明显的优势菌,但杆状菌比第1隔室明显较多,第3、4隔室颗粒污泥中以索氏甲烷丝菌为优势菌。     

微污染水源水ClO2消毒中ClO-2的来源与控制技术

综述了ClO2消毒微污染水源水的主要无机副产物ClO2-的来源,ClO2-的产生前控制和生成后去除等方法,以减少ClO2-在饮用水中的含量。并提出了氯气氧化控制饮用水中ClO2-含量的新方法。     

The ionic compositions of fine and coarse particle fractions in the two urban areas of Korea

The ionic composition of PM2.5 and PM10 was investigated using PM samples collected from Seoul and Busan during the winter of 2002. Based on the measurement data, we attempted to investigate the relative roles of different source processes in the composition of airborne particles at the two distinct urban areas. According to our measurements, the major components of both PM fractions were clearly distinguished from each other at the two different sites. It was found that the ionic concentrations in coarse fractions were generally compatible with each other at the two sites (NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), NSSS, etc.). However, differences in their concentration levels were significant in the fine fractions and their mass concentration levels in Seoul exhibit threefold enhancement relative to Busan. The results further indicated that anthropogenic signatures were generally more evident in the fine rather than coarse fractions at both sites. However, a comparison of the coarse fraction data indicated the dominance of natural (oceanic) processes at the Busan site and conservative relationships among the different ionic components. The results of the back trajectory analysis confirmed that air mass movement patterns influence the ionic compositions of PM across different particle fractions and between different study sites.     

流动注射分光光度法研究离子强度对活性炭吸附阴、阳离子染料的影响

运用流动注射分光光度法,考察了不同离子强度(NaCl)下,在水溶液中表面带负电的活性炭分别吸附阴、阳离子染料的动力学行为。实验结果表明,对于所考察的2种阳离子染料和3种阴离子染料,活性炭的表观吸附速率常数均随着离子强度的增大而增大。这种加速吸附效应的出现,主要是因为离子强度的增大促进了活性炭表面与染料之间的非静电力作用。     

流沙湾多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征和来源分析

PAHs的生物富集性使其在养殖海域的研究对人体健康和生态环境具有重要意义。流沙湾海水PAHs污染的特征是2-3环的化合物为主要污染物,总体浓度水平较低,但变化大;内湾PAHs含量较外湾高,与各站点所在位置,水体交换以及污染源有关;由菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘7、种化合物的线性相关性,以及主因子成份分析得出流沙湾PAHs的污染源主要为石油源和燃料燃烧等混合源。     

抗滑桩施工中边坡稳定系数分析

采用连续介质快速拉格朗日差分分析方法,结合强度折减技术,设定解不收敛的破坏标准,来探讨抗滑桩施工过程中桩孔开挖对边坡稳定系数的影响这一三维问题.结合工程实例,模拟几种开挖顺序,结果表明合理的施工方案对边坡扰动甚微,而随意开挖桩孔可能使边坡失稳,且失稳时的位移不大,破坏征兆不明显,破坏更加突然,应特别注意.分析施工因素对边坡稳定系数的影响,特别是对处在极限状态下的边坡,十分必要.