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961.
Abu-Allaban M Lowenthal DH Gertler AW Labib M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):417-425
A source attribution study was performed to assess the contributions of specific pollutant source types to the observed particulate
matter (PM) levels in the greater Cairo Area using the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Three intensive ambient
monitoring studies were carried out during the period of February 21–March 3, 1999, October 27–November 27, 1999, and June
8–June 26, 2002. PM10, PM2.5, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured on a 24-h basis at six sampling stations during each of the intensive
periods. The six intensive measurement sites represented background levels, mobile source impacts, industrial impacts, and
residential exposure. Major contributors to PM10 included geological material, mobile source emissions, and open burning. PM2.5 tended to be dominated by mobile source emissions, open burning, and secondary species. This paper presents the results of
the PM10 and PM2.5, source contribution estimates. 相似文献
962.
采用C 18固相萃取柱富集,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和丙酮混合溶剂以1∶1∶1比例洗脱、自动固相萃取的前处理方法,气相色谱质谱连用,分析水源水中33种半挥发性有机物,并与液液萃取前处理方法进行比较。结果表明:在500~5 000μg/L范围内,33种SVOC线性良好,相关系数0.990,回收率为70.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~13.4%,方法检出限为0.06~0.25μg/L;而且该方法较液液萃取,检出样品种类多。适用于饮用水源水中半挥发性有机物的监测。 相似文献
963.
964.
Receptor modeling for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh KP Malik A Kumar R Saxena P Sinha S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):183-196
This study reports source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate depositions on vegetation
foliages near highway in the urban environment of Lucknow city (India) using the principal components analysis/absolute principal
components scores (PCA/APCS) receptor modeling approach. The multivariate method enables identification of major PAHs sources
along with their quantitative contributions with respect to individual PAH. The PCA identified three major sources of PAHs
viz. combustion, vehicular emissions, and diesel based activities. The PCA/APCS receptor modeling approach revealed that the
combustion sources (natural gas, wood, coal/coke, biomass) contributed 19–97% of various PAHs, vehicular emissions 0–70%,
diesel based sources 0–81% and other miscellaneous sources 0–20% of different PAHs. The contributions of major pyrolytic and
petrogenic sources to the total PAHs were 56 and 42%, respectively. Further, the combustion related sources contribute major
fraction of the carcinogenic PAHs in the study area. High correlation coefficient (R
2 > 0.75 for most PAHs) between the measured and predicted concentrations of PAHs suggests for the applicability of the PCA/APCS
receptor modeling approach for estimation of source contribution to the PAHs in particulates. 相似文献
965.
966.
同位素技术在环境科学研究中的应用进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了近年来同位素技术在国内外环境科学研究中的应用状况,简要介绍了同位素技术的应用原理与分析方法。总结了放射性同位素技术和稳定同位素技术在环境史重建、污染物示踪及源解析等方面的应用,重点介绍了稳定同位素技术在水、大气和土壤污染物源解析中的应用进展。对未来同位素技术在环境科学研究中的应用进行了展望,提出了多种同位素联合解析、建立和完善定量源解析模型等建议。 相似文献
967.
基于高通量定量PCR研究城市化小流域微生物污染特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水体微生物污染(包括致病菌、病毒、寄生虫)会引起多种传染病和寄生虫病,对生产生活用水安全和人体健康造成重要威胁。本研究应用基于Taq Man探针的高通量荧光定量PCR技术对厦门市后溪流域冬季微生物污染进行检测,包含了5种粪便污染源(人源、反刍动物源、猪源、家禽源、狗源)微生物源示踪分子标记物与12种病原微生物。结果表明,该流域在上游及水库5个位点没有粪便污染,仅在其中一个水库位点检测出棘阿米巴,微生物污染极小;中下游检测出人类、反刍动物、猪、家禽、狗粪便污染,并且检测出产气荚膜梭菌、肠聚集性大肠杆菌、肠毒素型大肠杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、霍乱弧菌、副溶血弧菌、棘阿米巴、克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌等病原菌,其中流经旧城区居民生活生产区水样微生物污染严重,下游新城区微生物污染较小。这些结果暗示着城市人类活动是流域微生物污染主要来源,应从污染源头加强微生物污染控制。 相似文献
968.
969.
Cancer has become a critical health issue in the world heritage city Kandy, Sri Lanka. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of persistent organic pollutants, in the atmosphere may be a major etiological factor in lung carcinogenicity. Over the very high concentrations of ambient air PAHs reported in Kandy, this paper is focused on setting priorities to control human exposure to PAHs in prevention of cancer.On re-appraisal of the classical indicator benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) for atmospheric PAHs-related carcinogenicity, B[a]P failed to reflect the toxicity completely and may not be the sole indicator for risk assessment studies in complex multi-sourced urban environments. The excess lifetime lung cancer risks of atmospheric PAHs with ‘less than lifetime exposure’ were assessed based on both ‘B[a]P toxic equivalents’ and ‘B[a]P surrogate epidemiological’ approach of risk quantification, over emissions characterized urban, suburban, and rural areas of Kandy. In urban heavy traffic areas, PAH-related additional cancer burden has been 942 million−1 over 30 y of exposure. Over the whole study area, ∑p-PAHs show strong correlation (r = 0.8) to the predicted risk levels. While the urban and suburban predicted cancer risk levels could not show significant correlation to their emission sources indicating the real complexity in mega urban environments, the rural lung cancer risk levels correlated perfectly with the source, firewood combustion.Policy decisions on environment and health could be based on established correlations among ‘emission sources-exposures-health effects’. The priority for “analysis of options and policy formulation to reduce inhalation PAHs exposure of population in Kandy” was considered “moderate to high”. 相似文献
970.
The 24-h average coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) fraction of airborne particulate matter (PM) samples were collected for winter, summer and monsoon seasons during November 2008-April 2009 at an busy roadside in Chennai city, India. Results showed that the 24-h average ambient PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in winter and monsoon seasons than in summer season. The 24-h average PM10 concentration of weekdays was significantly higher (12-30%) than weekends of winter and monsoon seasons. On weekends, the PM2.5 concentration was found to slightly higher (4-15%) in monsoon and summer seasons. The chemical composition of PM10 and PM2.5 masses showed a high concentration in winter followed by monsoon and summer seasons.The U.S.EPA-PMF (positive matrix factorization) version 3 was applied to identify the source contribution of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at the study area. Results indicated that marine aerosol (40.4% in PM10 and 21.5% in PM2.5) and secondary PM (22.9% in PM10 and 42.1% in PM2.5) were found to be the major source contributors at the study site followed by the motor vehicles (16% in PM10 and 6% in PM2.5), biomass burning (0.7% in PM10 and 14% in PM2.5), tire and brake wear (4.1% in PM10 and 5.4% in PM2.5), soil (3.4% in PM10 and 4.3% in PM2.5) and other sources (12.7% in PM10 and 6.8% in PM2.5). 相似文献