温度变化对水泥土强度特性和破坏性状的影响

为研究温度对水泥土强度和破坏性状的影响,选用粘土和粉土这两种素土制成水泥土试样,分别在25°C±2°C、10°C±2°C和0°C±2°C的温度下进行养护,随后测试各龄期试样的单轴抗压强度,并观测各试样的破坏特征。研究表明:随着龄期的增长,温度变化对峰值应变的影响在减小;龄期较短(1~5天)时,水泥土单轴抗压强度对温度变化不敏感,在龄期7~40天,提高养护温度,水泥土单轴抗压强度显著增大;随着温度的升高,水泥土强度显著提高,但增长的趋势越来越缓慢;低温情况下水泥粘土的强度都比水泥粉土低,而一旦提高温度,水泥粘土的强度便超过水泥粉土;较低温度下养护的水泥土表现出比较明显的脆性破坏,迅速产生裂缝。     

轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载力计算

轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载能力是轻钢龙骨体系建筑设计的关键参数。轻钢龙骨复合墙体由结构罩面板通过自攻螺钉与龙骨相连构成,其抗剪承载力与钢龙骨、结构板、自攻螺钉均有关系,影响因素较多,主要依赖试验确定,计算理论尚不成熟。本文借鉴木龙骨墙体抗剪承载力的确定方法,推导了轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载力的计算公式,并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,所推出的公式是合理可信的,可用于轻钢龙骨体系建筑中复合墙体的抗剪承载力计算。     

基于实现高强度充填体要求的全尾砂膏体配比试验研究

为了解决分级尾砂作为充填骨料存在的尾砂产率低、采场滤水严重、充填成本高等问题,以某典型矿山为背景,结合膏体充填的特性,分析了该矿充填存在的主要问题,总结并提出了改用全尾砂膏体充填的必要性,开展了全尾砂充填性能评价基础试验以及室内全尾砂膏体正交配比试验研究。研究结果表明:该矿全尾砂粒度适中偏粗,适合选用全尾砂膏体充填,全尾砂膏体充填体强度与分级尾砂充填体强度相当,选用该矿原有灰砂配比1∶4和1∶8即可达到下向充填法开采所需高强度充填体要求,对采用分级尾砂充填拟改为全尾砂膏体充填的矿山具有一定参考价值。     

动态固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定水中多种异味有机物

采用动态固相微萃取技术富集水样中2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、2-MIB、β-环柠檬醛、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚、GSM、α-紫罗酮和β-紫罗酮等8种异味有机物,并用气相色谱质谱法测定。通过优化试验条件,使方法在2. 00 ng/L～100 ng/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为1. 0 ng/L～4. 4 ng/L。空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为81. 0%～121%,6次测定结果的RSD为1. 7%～8. 9%。将该方法用于一水库实际水样的测定,结果 2-MIB、β-环柠檬醛、α-紫罗酮和β-紫罗酮检出,其余均为未检出。     

商用蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂产品性能分析

选取4份国内不同催化剂厂家的蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂,测量并对比其机械性能和活性,结合理化特性分析催化剂机械性能与活性不达标的原因。结果表明,脱硝催化剂的机械性能和活性受多方面因素的影响。催化剂中主活性成分和助催化剂WO_3的含量,Ca O,K,Na,Mg等碱金属,碱土金属元素以及比表面积、孔容等微观孔结构都能影响催化剂的活性。SiO_2,Al2O_3等玻璃纤维含量和生产工艺会影响催化剂的机械性能。燃煤电厂需根据烟气条件对催化剂进行选型和设计,催化剂生产厂家必须优化和调整催化剂各生产环节工艺参数,严格把控原料质量,确保生产的催化剂产品同时具备良好的机械性能和较高的活性,以满足电厂实际需要。     

长江南京段水体及市政自来水中多种OPEs的分布特征

采用HPLC-MS/MS法监测长江南京段横断面水、水源水、出厂水中12种有机磷酸酯类化合物(OPEs)残留,考察其分布特征及自来水厂对其处理效果。结果表明:12种OPEs在采集的横断面水和水源水水样中8种被检出,自来水出厂水水样中除TEHP外其余11种OPEs均为检出,OPEs暴露于水源水与地表水程度相似;除TCPP、TDCP、TCEP浓度出现降低外,其余OPEs浓度水平均未出现明显的处理效果;生态风险评估显示长江南京段横断面水、水源水、出厂水主要检出物质OPEs的风险熵值均低于1,表明不具有环境生态高风险。     

Source term estimation of natural gas leakage in utility tunnel by combining CFD and Bayesian inference method

As an effective way to construct and maintain various life pipelines in urban areas and industrial parks, the underground utility tunnel has been developed rapidly in China in recent years. However, the natural gas pipeline leakage in a utility tunnel may cause fire, explosion or other coupling disastrous accidents that could result in fatal consequences. The effective source term estimation (STE) of natural gas leakage can provide technical supports for emergency response during natural gas leakage accidents in utility tunnels. In this paper, a STE model with the combination of gas transport model, Bayesian inference and slice sampling method is proposed to estimate the source parameters of natural gas leakage in underground utility tunnels. The observed data can be integrated into the gas transport model and realize the inversion of natural gas leakage location and release rates. The parameter sensitivity analysis is presented to evaluate the robustness of the proposed model with good practicability, and the gas sensor layouts in the utility tunnel are analyzed and optimized. The spatio-temporal distribution of the leaked gas could be well predicted based on the estimation source parameters by the proposed STE model. The results show that the proposed model is an alternative and effective tool to provide technical supports for loss prevention and mitigation for natural gas leakage accidents in urban utility tunnels.     

通风速率及源项特性对室内甲醛扩散规律的影响

采用Airpak软件模拟研究在通风速率、源项强度和源项面积多因素作用下的室内甲醛扩散规律。结果表明,在室内甲醛初始为零时,源项散发甲醛后,在2000 s内室内甲醛浓度升高较快,之后处于平衡状态。在通风速率加倍时甲醛最高浓度降低56%,源项强度减半时甲醛最高浓度降低16%,源项散发面积减少37%时甲醛最高浓度降低24%。说明通风速率对室内甲醛浓度的影响最大,其次依次为源项散发面积和源项强度。     

Applying Zonation Methods and Tabu Search to Improve the Ground‐Water Modeling1

Abstract: An optimization procedure combining zonation methods with the Tabu Search method is proposed to identify the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity field. Three zonation methods, Voronoi diagram (VD), multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram (MWVD), and pattern zonation are adopted for the parameterization purposes. With the consideration of the homogeneity and the heterogeneity, there are four spatial distributions of hydraulic conductivity designed to test whether the parameter structure can be successfully identified. The fitting residual error is first considered to determine an adequate number of zones without over parameterization. Then, the parameter uncertainty is evaluated the decision of the number of zones. The results indicate that the MWVD performs better than other two methods because the MWVD has better flexibility in describing the zonal boundaries with small number of decision variables.