Biomass Based Sorption Cooling Systems for Cold Storage Applications

Controlled atmospheric storage is a widely popular technique for storage of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, the experimental studies on biomass powered absorption systems for cold storage applications using ammonia water as a working fluid pair is presented. The heat input to the absorption system is supplied by a producer gas obtained from a downdraft gasifier, using firewood as fuel. The system is designed and fabricated to store about 15 MT of fruits and vegetables, having a cooling capacity of 3 TR. The effect of sink temperature, solution flow rate, cooling water flow rate and biomass consumption on the performance of the system has been analyzed. It is found that the real co-efficient of performance of the system is around 0.35 - 0.2, considering the source-site factor for auxiliary power consumption. The operating Cost/h for the biomass based cold storage system is lower than the presently available conventional compression based units.     

A case study of an isolated wind powered electricity system meeting 100% of local demand

Using meteorological and electricity demand data for a 4-year period, electricity demand in Shetland was modeled to provide an estimate of the demand over a 30-year period from 1 January 1981. That modeled demand was then compared to estimated wind power output over the same period using the WAsP model. The wind farm output was estimated for a range of sizes of wind farm up to the consented 370 MW Viking Wind Farm in Shetland. Some wind power was available for 94% of the time and the 370 MW wind farm would meet 100% of demand for nearly 80% of the time. The statistics of single and accumulated deficits were calculated for a range of wind farms and estimates of the amount of additional generation capacity and additional power requirements were assessed. The study suggests that with storage, wind power in Shetland could meet all electricity demand in Shetland at around £130 to £150/MWh (excluding subsidy) and with a grid connection allowing the sale of excess power, those costs could be reduced.     

Direct methanol fuel cell bubble removal mechanism using magnetic actuation

This article develops a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a magnet-actuated bubble removal mechanism. A micro-DC motor is used to control the bubble removal mechanism. The lower magnetic device is operated to extrude a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) runner to compress the liquid fuel in the anode flow channel, forcing the CO₂ bubbles in the runner to flow toward the outlet end. The bubble retention in the anode flow channel is thereby improved, enhancing the cell performance. The proposed mechanism stability and performance and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) runner are also discussed.     

A Comprehensive Python Toolkit for Accessing High‐Throughput Computing to Support Large Hydrologic Modeling Tasks

The National Flood Interoperability Experiment (NFIE) was an undertaking that initiated a transformation in national hydrologic forecasting by providing streamflow forecasts at high spatial resolution over the whole country. This type of large‐scale, high‐resolution hydrologic modeling requires flexible and scalable tools to handle the resulting computational loads. While high‐throughput computing (HTC) and cloud computing provide an ideal resource for large‐scale modeling because they are cost‐effective and highly scalable, nevertheless, using these tools requires specialized training that is not always common for hydrologists and engineers. In an effort to facilitate the use of HTC resources the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded project, CI‐WATER, has developed a set of Python tools that can automate the tasks of provisioning and configuring an HTC environment in the cloud, and creating and submitting jobs to that environment. These tools are packaged into two Python libraries: CondorPy and TethysCluster. Together these libraries provide a comprehensive toolkit for accessing HTC to support hydrologic modeling. Two use cases are described to demonstrate the use of the toolkit, including a web app that was used to support the NFIE national‐scale modeling.     

ASBR反应器处理豆制品废水的试验

采用厌氧序批式活性污泥法处理食品加工废水。试验研究了反应器的最佳进水、反应时间比,从而得出最低进水pH值和最少加碱量,同时还研究了反应器在常温和低温下的处理能力,以及pH冲击、搅拌频率、消毒液对反应器的影响。结果表明:最佳进水、反应时间比为2.5h4.5h,此时进水pH值降低到5.0,加碱量大大减少;CODCr去除率随温度的降低而降低,25℃时,CODCr去除率为83.45%,20℃时,CODCr去除率降至73%左右,15℃时,CODCr去除率只有57%左右;本工艺条件下最佳搅拌频率为每小时搅拌10min,反应器对pH冲击具有一定耐受能力,但消毒液对处理效果影响较大且恢复困难。     

EDSS及其在EIA中的应用

区域环境系统是由人-地相互作用而形成的开放的和复杂的社会、经济与环境的复合巨系统,由此产生的复杂环境问题给环境决策带来了诸多的不确定性,而环境决策支持系统(EDSS)可以辅助环境保护决策工作者提高决策的科学性和有效性.叙述了EDSS的概念,全面回顾了30多年来国内外环境决策支持系统在水环境规划与管理、大气环境质量管理、城市固体废物管理等研究领域的应用进展,并举例重点分析了其在环境影响评价(EIA)中的应用.同时具备强大数据更新能力和环境质量分析预测功能的EDSS,是解决EIA工作中复杂问题的有力工具.基于近年来新技术的发展,EDSS将在智能化,3S技术及多媒体技术应用等方面得到进一步发展,并在环境规划与管理和EIA等工作中发挥更加重要的作用.      

城市固体垃圾焚烧的二次污染控制实现技术

由于城市固体垃圾的复杂多变性及不确定性,难以实现对垃圾的充分燃烧,常因控制不当而产生二次污染。针对二次污染控制问题,文章采用变频调速技术与智能控制技术相结合,提高系统的响应速度,满足垃圾焚烧对空(气)燃(料)比的严格需要,有效保证了垃圾的充分燃烧,减少了烟气对大气环境的二次污染。在讨论城市固体垃圾特性基础上,分析了二次污染产生的条件,探讨了优化燃烧过程的控制策略、风量调节方式、系统构架及相关技术问题。     

GE公司EHS绩效变化趋势与内部机制探讨

剖析通用电气Plan(政策/目标)-Do(运营体系)-Check&Act(检查改进)的EHS管理体系框架;通过综合指数法分析各环境、健康和安全绩效指标近年的变化趋势以及采取的管理措施;分析总结GE环境管理和环境质量绩效持续改进的机制与工具:(1)全球统一的EHS管理和运营体系;(2)自上而下的EHS培训与自下而上的沟通;(3)数字化的EHS管理工具;(4)严格的EHS审计保证机制;(5)强烈的企业公民责任意识和EHS文化,为国内企业建立和完善EHS管理和运营体系所借鉴。     

树立大安全观提高企业非生产系统安全与健康水平

本文针对控制企业非生产系统和八小时外发生的安全事故,提出了企业做好大安全工作的具体措施,包括:企业必须确立大安全观,建立综合型安全管理机构和模式;拓宽安全培训内容;加强对野外作业临时住房等生活设施的安全检查与评价,控制境外交通运输事故;积极推行质量、环境、职业安全卫生管理体系"三合一"运行;定期为职工体检,引导职工建立...     

实验室发生纳米气溶胶吸湿性表征

气溶胶吸湿特性对于灰霾的形成、气溶胶对气候变化的影响及人体健康效应具有重要意义. 采用加湿迁移差分分析(HTDMA)法,对实验室发生的8种纳米级无机和有机气溶胶进行吸湿特性定量表征,从而判定影响气溶胶吸湿特性的主要因素. 结果表明,NaCl和(NH₄)₂SO₄气溶胶的潮解点为相对湿度(RH)75%±2%,与理论计算结果相接近,说明测试系统具有一定的可靠性. 对以往研究较少的NaNO₃,CaCl₂,CaSO₄,合成海盐,乙二酸和己二酸气溶胶的测试表明,NaNO₃,CaCl₂以及合成海盐气溶胶随RH的升高粒径逐渐增大;合成海盐气溶胶在RH为86%时吸湿性生长因子(Gf)达到1.80;CaSO₄,乙二酸和己二酸气溶胶随着RH增大未见明显吸湿增长. 通过扫描电镜分析了8种化合物气溶液在不同RH下的形态特征,为掌握各种化学组分对气溶胶吸湿特性的影响提供了微观形态分析的依据.