Prediction of algal blooming using EFDC model: Case study in the Daoxiang Lake

Algal blooming has become one of the key fields of study on eutrophication of water body recently. The mechanism of algal blooming is still not understood well. However, it is obvious to understand that algal blooming has close relationship with chlorophyll-a. Therefore, if the trends of chlorophyll-a concentration can be simulated accurately, it will be helpful for the prediction of algal bloom events. In this study, a model named Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), which was developed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was described and used to simulate the eutrophication process in the Daoxiang Lake, Beijing. To run the eutrophication model for the Lake, a field sampling was conducted in March-October of 2008 with interval of 10-20 days. Meanwhile, the algal bloom assessment criteria were investigated and the indicator of chlorophyll-a concentration was selected as input for the prediction of algal bloom in the Daoxiang Lake. After model calibration and validation, traditional statistics has been done between modeled results and observed values. The modeled results show that the simulated chlorophyll-a concentration basically agrees with the observed concentration except the later period of station 2# and the average algal bloom prediction accuracy is 63.43%. It was verified that the EFDC model can be used for chlorophyll-a concentration simulation and algal blooming prediction in the Daoxiang Lake.     

鼠尾藻提取物对亚历山大藻的化感效应

研究不同浓度的鼠尾藻组织蒸馏水及4种不同极性有机溶剂(甲醇、丙酮、乙醚、氯仿)提取物对亚历山大藻的生长抑制作用.结果表明:鼠尾藻组织甲醇提取物对亚历山大藻的生长抑制活性最强,大于3×10-8 mg kg-1浓度作用下亚历山大藻在1 d内完全死亡;鼠尾藻组织蒸馏水抽提物与对照组相比在各个浓度时均能显著抑制亚历山大藻的生长,但即使在最高浓度1.6×10-6mg kg-1下亦对其无致死效应;其他3种有机溶剂提取物对亚历山大藻的生长无明显影响.表明鼠尾藻组织中含有的对亚历山大藻具有抑制作用的活性物质具有较高的极性.对鼠尾藻甲醇提取物进行液液萃取,将其分离为石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和蒸馏水相,并对亚历山大藻进行生物活性检测.结果发现,石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相具有较强的杀藻活性,表明脂肪酸可能是鼠尾藻组织内抑制亚历山大藻生长的克生物质的重要组成成分之一.图3参36     

水库热分层期藻类水华与温跃层厌氧成因分析

以西安市李家河水库为研究对象,通过对水体理化因子和浮游植物的连续监测,对热分层期藻类垂向分布与温跃层厌氧成因进行了初步分析.结果表明:①6～9月,李家河水库水体稳定指数为2～10 m~(-1),处于稳定热分层状态,水体溶解氧呈明显的垂向以及季节差异,p H、电导率均与溶解氧呈现相同的分层结构;②李家河水体的富营养状态诱导夏季藻类水华暴发;藻细胞密度垂向差异大,集中悬停于水深0～5 m区域内,最高为2. 95×10~8cells·L~(-1),叶绿素a含量最大为46. 42mg·m~(-3);高密度藻类在温跃层内堆积分解,水深5～24 m内出现较大面积的厌氧区,pH下降、电导率和高锰酸盐指数升高;③高密度藻类分解耗氧是夏季分层期温跃层厌氧形成的主要原因.     

Ecological Study of Spring-Early Summer Phytoplankton Blooms in A Semi-Enclosed Estuary

A sampling station in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria was operated for 51 days between 2 March and 12 June, 1991. the harbour had different wide physical and chemical variations. Six distinct phytoplankton blooms occurred during this period. It is concluded that the physicochemical conditions affected the phytoplankton community structure and species composition. A dense diatom bloom could be maintained in a very weak and/or stabilized water column. A diatom bloom does not necessarily accompany an enhanced nutrient period. the depletion of nutrients and establishment of thermal stratification probably created favourable conditions for dinoflagellate and flagellate species to achieve blooms. the species composition could be shifted over the short term and a dense phytoplankton bloom could possibly dissipate in a few days.     

四斗朱水库蓝藻水华爆发成因分析及治理对策研究

作为饮用水源的小型水库四斗朱连续几年在早春即开始爆发严重束丝藻水华（属于蓝藻）。水质分析发现,四斗朱水库的水质参数如总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH4^＋-N）以及BOD和COD浓度并不高,但明显高于其上游的石门塘水库,这说明在四斗朱水库的集水区存在污染源。本文分析了在低营养盐浓度情况下四斗朱水库蓝藻水华爆发的原因,认为由于集水区内的农业、生活、水土淋失以及自然沉降等途径导致水库营养浓度升高。并由于未知营养、气温回升以及水库生态系统失衡等因素,导致蓝藻水华暴发。最后,提出了相应的综合治理对策。     

沈阳市除夕夜间空气质量现状分析

利用2001年至2010年沈阳市大气自动监测数据进行分析得出:除夕夜间集中燃放大量烟花爆竹可造成空气污染,特别是人口集中的主城区尤为严重。其中可吸入颗粒物浓度升幅最大、污染最严重,最大浓度出现在凌晨1时到2时,主城区平均浓度达到0.625 mg/m3,超过国家二级日均值标准3.2倍;二氧化硫浓度升高明显,最大浓度出现零时到1时,一氧化碳浓度略有升高,二氧化氮浓度没有明显变化。     

Three-dimensional eutrophication model and application to Taihu Lake, China

Taihu Lake, the largest freshwater shallow lake in eastern China, has suffered from severe eutrophication over the past two decades. This research developed a three-dimensional eutrophication model to investigate the eutrophication dynamics. The model fully coupled the biological processes and hydrodynamics, and also took into account the effects of sediment release and the external loads from the tributaries. After sensitivity analyses, the key parameters were defined and then calibrated by the field observation data. The calibrated model was applied to study the seasonal primary productions and its regional differences. The comparisons between model results and field data in year 2000 indicated that the model is able to simulate the eutrophication dynamics in Taihu Lake with a reasonable accuracy. From the simulation experiments, it was found that the meteorological forcing have significant influences on the temporal variations of the eutrophication dynamics. The wind-induced circulation and sediment distribution play an important role in the spatial distribution of the algae blooms.     

Variation of phytoplankton community before an induced cyanobacterial （Arthrospira platensis ） bloom

A cyanobacterial (Arthrospira platensis) bloom was induced in situ by nutrient manipulation in an enclosure. The succession of the phytoplankton community and the water chemistry variations before the appearance of bloom, as well as their relationship, were investigated. The cell pigment variations were studied simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between water chemistry and green algal or cyanobacterial composition, indicating that water chemistry variations were not suitable to be used as indicators for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. However, the diversity index of the phytoplankton community decreased sharply before the bloom appeared. Therefore, the dynamics of phytoplankton community was put forward to be an indicator for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. In addition, the cell pigment variations represented the changes of community structure, which should be useful for studying the dynamics of phytoplankton community.     

丹东市春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响

根据2009年春节期间丹东市主要污染物（PM10、SO2、NO2）浓度和气象资料,分析了燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响。结果表明：除夕和元宵节大量燃放烟花爆竹能导致PM10在短时间内快速上升,但对SO2和N02浓度的影响不明显。除夕期间22：00-2：00是PM10受燃放烟花爆竹影响最大时段,城市居民居住集中区PM10浓度远高于其它区域。气象条件是影响春节期间空气质量的主要因素。     

三峡水库支流大宁河水华特征研究

以三峡水库支流大宁河水华敏感期(2007年4~6月和2008年4~5月)水质和水华的调查数据为依据,研究了其水质变化、营养盐构成及水华特征.结果表明,水华敏感期大宁河自回水段以下氮磷含量较高,总氮范围为0.84~3.21 mg/L,总磷为0.011~0.531 mg/L,氮营养盐主要以TDN为主(TDN/TN为84%),而磷营养盐以TDP占优(TDP/TP为60%);N/P值均高于16,藻类生长受磷限制.高锰酸盐指数和溶解氧含量低且变化稳定.叶绿素a为1.41~219.04 mg.m-3.相关性分析表明Chl-a与TP、高锰酸盐指数、DO、pH呈显著正相关(rChla-TP=0.453、rChla-高锰酸盐指数=0.641、rChla-DO=0.584、rChla-pH=0.409,p0.01),与SD呈显著负相关(rChla-SD=-0.392,p0.01);pH受多参数影响,但受藻类生长影响较大.通过显微镜对藻类进行鉴定,发现大宁河自回水段以下水华敏感期藻类分布较广,共发现8门82属124种,其中硅藻门和绿藻门分布最多,其次为蓝藻门和甲藻门,其余藻种较少.大宁河在水华敏感期暴发了3次自回水段以下大规模水华,水华期间藻密度最高值是正常值的14~1427倍,水华优势种主要有绿藻门的波吉卵囊藻、小空星球藻、土生绿球藻、实球藻和小球藻;裸藻门的扁裸藻、矩圆囊裸藻;硅藻门的小环藻、冠盘藻和舟形藻;甲藻门的埃尔多甲藻等;发生多藻种同时水华的情况;出河口处藻类较少.