赤泥复合剂絮凝处理太湖水华藻与海洋赤潮藻

研究了一种新型赤泥复合剂对太湖夏季水华原水、实验室培养海洋赤潮藻及模拟海水的絮凝除藻降浊性能。结果表明,赤泥复合剂具有良好的除藻降浊效果,对太湖水华藻去除率为97.3%,原水浊度去除率为95%;对海洋小球藻和三角褐指藻2种赤潮藻去除率分别高达99.1%和98.9%;对2种模拟海水的最高除浊率分别为96.3%和95.3%,其剩余浊度均低于4 NTU,从而为治理淡水水华与海洋赤潮提供一种新技术,同时为赤泥综合利用提供一种新途径。     

底泥悬浮对营养盐释放和水华生长影响的模拟

通过室内模拟实验研究了扰动引起的太湖底泥悬浮对水体氮磷营养盐和蓝藻水华的影响,其中底泥和上覆水均来自太湖,扰动强度以悬浮物浓度表示。实验监测了底泥扰动过程中以及扰动停止后48 h之内水体氮磷营养盐和叶绿素a的变化,采样间隔为6 h。实验结果表明,扰动明显增加了水体中总氮、总磷、活性磷等含量,但是可溶性无机氮的增加不明显,叶绿素a含量没有出现明显的增长。水华没有出现明显增长很可能是氮限制的原因。由此推测太湖一次风浪扰动过程引起的底泥营养盐释放不一定就能够加剧蓝藻水华的暴发。底泥中释放的营养盐对蓝藻水华的影响需要进一步研究     

Tiny Stowaways: Analyzing the Economic Benefits of a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Permit Regulating Ballast Water Discharges

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed permitting ballast water discharges—a benefit of which would be to reduce the economic damages associated with the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species. Research on ship-borne aquatic invasive species has been conducted in earnest for decades, but determining the economic damages they cause remains troublesome. Furthermore, with the exception of harmful algal blooms, the economic consequences of microscopic invaders have not been studied, despite their potentially great negative effects. In this paper, we show how to estimate the economic benefits of preventing the introduction and spread of harmful bacteria, microalgae, and viruses delivered in U.S. waters. Our calculations of net social welfare show the damages from a localized incident, cholera-causing bacteria found in shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico, to be approximately $706,000 (2006$). On a larger scale, harmful algal species have the potential to be transported in ships’ ballast tanks, and their effects in the United States have been to reduce commercial fisheries landings and impair water quality. We examine the economic repercussions of one bloom-forming species. Finally, we consider the possible translocation within the Great Lakes of a virus that has the potential to harm commercial and recreational fisheries. These calculations illustrate an approach to quantifying the benefits of preventing invasive aquatic microorganisms from controls on ballast water discharges. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

太湖蓝藻水华暴发程度年度预测

近年来,尽管太湖主要水质指标有所改善,但蓝藻水华暴发的频次和面积并未明显减少。为了探讨太湖蓝藻水华暴发的环境驱动因子,统计了2012—2020年历年4—10月预警期间的太湖蓝藻水华发生规模与频次,结合同步浮标自动监测数据和实验室分析数据,构建了蓝藻水华预测模型。以太湖蓝藻水华综合指数(I_c)表征蓝藻水华强度,并通过I_c与环境因子的相关性分析,筛选出1月水温、1月电导率、1月生化需氧量和3月总氮浓度4项环境指标,最终构建了以该4项环境指标为自变量、I_c为因变量的太湖年度蓝藻水华强度多元线性回归预测模型。该预测模型的决定系数达到了0.908,平均相对误差为10.35%,预测精度总体表现较好。     

富营养化与温度因素对太湖藻类生长的影响研究

为了研究气候变暖和富营养化对湖泊水生态系统的影响,应用阿列纽斯方程修正的Monod生长模型定量研究长期以来太湖藻类生物量与营养元素和温度的关系.研究表明,在近年来的富营养化状况下,年均气温每增加1.0℃,年均藻类生物量增加0.145倍.湖泊富营养化越严重.年平均气温对藻类生长的影响就越大,由此可以定量评估和预测年均气温...