利用MALDI-TOF MS技术简便、快速检测水华蓝藻的方法研究

以水华蓝藻为研究对象,用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)技术对其进行测定分析并获得了蛋白质指纹图谱。对铜绿微囊藻标准株(NIES-843)样品通过3种前处理方法得到的质谱图进行对比,确定了质谱分析的样品前处理方法,建立了利用MALDI-TOF MS技术简便、快速检测水华蓝藻的方法。对在水华中出现的4种不同蓝藻进行MALDI-TOF MS分析,结果表明各种蓝藻具有其特征性波谱,可据此对水华蓝藻进行区分和鉴定。该方法快速、简便、精确、可程序化,具有广泛的应用前景。     

南昌市2021年春季大气VOCs污染特征和来源分析

2021年2～4月,利用AQMS-900VCM大气挥发性有机物在线监测系统对南昌市经济技术开发区大气中114种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行了在线观测,分析了春季南昌市大气中VOCs浓度水平、日变化,估算了各种VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并基于PMF模型探讨了 VOCs的来源.结果表明,南昌市经济技术开发区20...     

兰州市2011年春节期间颗粒物浓度及其谱分布特征

研究了兰州市2011年1月25日~2月18日春节期间大气颗粒物浓度及其谱分布特征,并通过多元对数正态分布拟合方法对其体积浓度谱特征进行了分析.采用空气动力学粒径谱仪(APS-3321)对颗粒物数浓度及其谱分布进行了实时监测,以阐明兰州市春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对大气颗粒物浓度及其谱分布的影响.结果表明:2011年春节期间兰州市烟花燃放对2月3日~8日颗粒物浓度有不同程度的影响,正月初一00:00~01:00和21:00~22:00时受烟花爆竹燃放影响最大,其中在烟花燃放最为集中时段(2月3日0:00~1:00时)0.5~10μm大气颗粒物平均数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度分别为(310.3±97.2)个/cm3、(1061.6±396.0)μm2/cm3和(409.9±176.0)μm3/cm3,分别较未受烟花燃放影响的1月27日~30日0:00~1:00时平均值增加了6.10倍、7.72倍和9.93倍.烟花燃放对数浓度和体积浓度的影响分别主要集中在0.542~1.382μm和3.278~8.354μm粒径段,而对表面积浓度的影响主要集中在0.542~1.981μm和3.278~8.354μm粒径段.受烟花燃放影响的颗粒物体积浓度谱中位径在0.93, 5.50μm左右出现的比例最大,未受烟花燃放影响的颗粒物体积浓度谱中位径在0.85,5.50μm左右出现的比例最大,与未受烟花燃放影响日的颗粒物体积浓度谱相比,燃放烟花使位于积聚模态的体积中位径增加.     

营养物质对铜绿微囊藻生长和藻际细菌的影响

菌-藻"体系在水生态平衡中发挥重要作用,为探明蓝藻水华时期的菌藻关系,研究了原位营养刺激后藻际微生物对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明,LB培养基可抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,抑藻率为86.49%;而乙酸钠、葡萄糖和柠檬酸钠可促进藻细胞生长,增长率均在50%以上.对LB培养基和蛋白胨刺激后的藻际细菌进行溶藻菌的筛选,共分离出6株具有强效抑藻作用的菌株,其中Bacillus sp.A1抑藻率高达97.55%.16S rRNA高通量测序表明,向铜绿微囊藻中投加营养物质均可改变藻际细菌群落结构并增加物种丰富度,添加LB培养基和蛋白胨可促使藻际细菌群落数量剧增.生理生化响应表明,藻细胞受LB培养基和蛋白胨胁迫后,活性氧（ROS）水平和丙二醛（MDA）含量激增,细胞氧化损伤严重;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先急剧上升后下降,抗氧化酶系统受损.扫描电镜显示,LB培养基可使藻细胞逐渐萎缩,最终破碎;而藻际细菌显著增多.因此,在蓝藻水华暴发的水体进行适当的外部营养刺激可在一定程度上实现溶藻菌原位抑藻.     

蓝藻暴发对巢湖表层沉积物氮磷及形态分布的影响

以巢湖表层沉积物及上覆水体为对象,于蓝藻暴发前(4月)和蓝藻暴发期(7月)采集水样及沉积物样品,分析了氮磷及其形态赋存特征,并探讨了沉积物氮磷及其形态与蓝藻暴发的关系.结果发现,蓝藻暴发时,巢湖表层沉积物总磷减少,总氮增加,同时削弱了磷在空间上分布的异质性.从氮磷形态来看,蓝藻暴发未造成巢湖表层沉积物氮形态(NH4+-N、NO3--N和Org-N)含量和比例的明显波动,但却造成了活性磷(弱吸附态磷和铁铝结合态磷之和)含量及比例的下降,钙结合态磷(Ca-P)以及有机磷(OP)含量及比例增加,生物有效性磷(AAP)的含量的减小.相关性分析表明,上覆水中叶绿素a(Chl-a)的浓度与铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)以及有机磷(OP)的含量显著相关(P<0.05),却与氮形态(铵态氮,硝态氮和有机氮)相关性不显著.巢湖沉积物磷(Fe/Al-P及AAP)对巢湖水体蓝藻暴发具有促进作用,而氮及其形态对蓝藻暴发作用较弱.     

Eutrophication development and its key regulating factors in a water-supply reservoir in North China

Yanghe Reservoir is an important source of drinking water for Qinhuangdao City,North China;however,in recent decades this water source has been eutrophic with recurrent summer cyanobacterial blooms.The trophic grade of the system in summer was mesotrophiceutrophic in 1990 and became hypertrophic in 2011.The nutrient availability is extremely high during the entire year,and the water temperature should be the primary driver of the summer blooms.In May-October of 2010 and 2011,abrupt variations were observed in the Secchi depth(SD) and chlorophyll a(Chl-a),and both the correlated analysis of Chl-a-SD and trophic status indices(TSI) deviation(TSI Chl-a-TSI SD) showed that algal cell density dominated light attenuation.During the algal bloom outbreak,the microcystin concentration was found to vary between 0.35-2.12 μg/L in 2010 and 0.11-1.86 μg/L in 2011.The maximum microcystin content was more than two times the safety limit required for drinking water.Inflow discharges were most concentrated in the summer,with periods of lower residence time and the largest water level fluctuation over the entire year.When a high availability of nutrients promoted a high Chl-a concentration in the whole system,it appeared that the instability caused by the decrease in residence time could not produce effective changes in the cyanobacterial abundance.The results indicated that nutrient enrichment in the aquatic systems of Yanghe Reservoir is the most serious problem and that the status would not been modified effectively by increasing hydrological fluctuations(e.g.,decreasing the residence time).Therefore,decreasing the nutrient concentrations is the only route to improve the water quality of this reservoir.     

特钢方坯连铸机水处理技术

介绍了特钢方坯连铸机水,用添加水稳药剂和用次氯酸钠杀菌灭藻的处理技术,使水质稳定从而保证了特钢方坯连铸机的用水系统安全运转.经过多年的运行考核,数据稳定,连铸机用水安全正常.     

春蚕期桑叶氟化物含量变化规律分析与研究

春蚕桑叶氟化物中毒引起政府部门的高度重视。通过对历年来桑叶含氟量监测数据统计分析，找出春蚕期桑叶含氟量日均值变化规律，并对规律成因进行探讨研究，为春蚕防氟工作提供科学依据。     

Effect of algal flocculation on dissolved organic matters using cationic starch modified soils

Modified soils(MSs) are being increasingly used as geo-engineering materials for the sedimentation removal of cyanobacterial blooms. Cationic starch(CS) has been tested as an effective soil modifier, but little is known about its potential impacts on the treated water.This study investigated dissolved organic matters in the bloom water after algal removal using cationic starch modified soils(CS-MSs). Results showed that the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could be decreased by CS-MS flocculation and the use of higher charge density CS yielded a greater DOC reduction. When CS with the charge density of 0.052, 0.102 and0.293 meq/g were used, DOC was decreased from 3.4 to 3.0, 2.3 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively.The excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and UV254 analysis indicated that CS-MS exhibits an ability to remove some soluble organics, which contributed to the DOC reduction. However, the use of low charge density CS posed a potential risk of DOC increase due to the high CS loading for effective algal removal. When CS with the charge density of 0.044 meq/g was used, DOC was increased from 3.4 to 3.9 mg/L. This study suggested, when CS-MS is used for cyanobacterial bloom removal, the content of dissolved organic matters in the treated water can be controlled by optimizing the charge density of CS. For the settled organic matters, other measures(e.g., capping treatments using oxygen loaded materials) should be jointly applied after algal flocculation.     

Impact of climate factors on cyanobacterial dynamics and their interactions with water quality in South Taihu Lake,China

Cyanobacterial bloom events in South Taihu Lake cause serious water quality problems and disturb aesthetic view of lake’s environment. In this study, correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and hydro-meteorological factors, including water quality, temperature and precipitation were investigated. Results demonstrated that South Taihu Lake was heavily affected by cyanobacteria and the proliferation of cyanobacteria due to variations in hydro-meteorological factors and water quality conditions. Water quality parameters, including COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP improved significantly since 2008 even at an elevated cyanobacterial bloom situation. Correlation analyses have shown that the development of cyanobacterial density and chlorophyll a concentration was sensitive to a wider temperature variation. The optimum temperature for cyanobacteria was 20°C, while extremely low and high temperatures were found to suppress their growth. Moreover, unusual rainfall patterns were measured during the study period (2003–2009), which showed an adverse impact on cyanobacterial development. Findings from this study suggested that seasonal lake’s water quality monitoring; suitable treatment of cyanobacterial blooms and strict policy implementation can solve the water quality issues in highly eutrophic lakes like Taihu.