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81.
    
The European Union (EU) and member states alike are following a tradition of addressing fuel poverty and vulnerability at the point of purchase by final consumers by seeking to influence the impact of income, energy price and the built environment on the ability of household consumers to access the energy that they need. By focusing on the conditions of energy transmission in the most rapidly growing renewable electricity sector in the UK – offshore wind – this paper aims to question whether the regulatory socio-technological framing of renewable electricity transmission is reproducing conditions for fuel poverty and vulnerability in the UK. By drawing a comparison with renewable electricity transmission in Bulgaria, this paper argues that the problem might be symptomatic of the EU as a whole. While not arguing against the proliferation of renewable electricity and its importance in meeting the 2020 targets, this paper calls for expanding the scope of fuel poverty alleviation policy throughout the whole renewable electricity supply chain, building on Helm's argument that energy companies at the middle of the supply chain are better suited to deliver fuel policy.  相似文献   
82.
采用双室方形微生物燃料电池(MFC),以葡萄糖作为共基质,研究了共基质浓度对典型偶氮染料甲基橙在MFC阳极室中脱色效率及同步产电的影响。结果表明,在0~1.5 g/L浓度范围内,共基质浓度越大,甲基橙脱色率、COD去除率和最大输出电压越高。在共基质浓度为1.5 g/L,进水甲基橙为300 mg/L的条件下,8 h的脱色率高达95%,且在1 000 Ω外电阻下,最大输出电压达到662 mV;在无共基质条件下,8 h内对300 mg/L甲基橙的脱色率仅为7.5%,最大输出电压仅达到140 mV。厌氧对照实验表明,甲基橙在MFC中可以实现加速脱色,反应8 h后甲基橙在MFC中的脱色率提高了57%。该研究为开发新型MFC降解偶氮染料废水技术提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
83.
采用单室沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)处理垃圾渗滤液与沉积污泥,考察电池的产电性能及污染物去除效果。SMFC输出电压呈周期性变化趋势,最大输出电压251 mV,最大功率密度为10.35 mW·m-2,功率密度随电流的增加先增大后减小,燃料电池内阻为2 653Ω。COD、氨氮去除率分别达96.18%和80.60%。SMFC的平均输出电压随污染物的降解呈波浪型上升趋势。MLSS、MLVSS去除率分别为24.40%和30.32%。实验结束后,MLVSS/MLSS的比值由0.70降至0.65,在SMFC产电过程中,污泥中的有机物得到有效降解。因此,SMFC可实现污水净 化、污泥减量及产电一体化的效果。  相似文献   
84.
采用A2/O工艺处理橡胶促进剂废水,橡胶促进剂废水与生活污水的比例逐步提高至1:1,实验结果表明在整个生化系统的水力停留时间为24.h的条件下.出水指标可达到一级A排放标准。共代谢提高了微生物降解难降解物质的效率。通过人工投加碳源和聚合氯化铝的办法,总氮和总磷得以有效去除。  相似文献   
85.
    
Abstract

Water is a key resource for all life. Recent droughts have also exemplified the importance for manufacturers to understand their impact on water resources. While most manufacturers typically know the amount of water they use in their facilities, they have little knowledge about the indirect effects they have on water resources. In this paper, the indirect impact from the automakers’ electricity use and work force on water resources is examined. Water withdrawal and consumption from electricity use by hypothetical but representative facilities around the world is quantified and analysed. Water withdrawal by the workers is also quantified and analysed. The results indicate that the water withdrawal and consumption by the workforce and caused by the use of electricity is larger than the direct water use and consumption in the facilities themselves.  相似文献   
86.
Viability of solar photovoltaics as an electricity generation source for Jordan was assessed utilising a proposed 5 MW grid‐connected solar photovoltaic power plant. Long‐term (1994–2003) monthly average daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for 24 locations – distributed all over the country – were studied and analysed to assess the distribution of radiation and sunshine duration over Jordan, and formed an input to the RetScreen Software for evaluation and analysis of the proposed plant's electricity production and economic feasibility. It was found that depending on the geographical location, the global solar radiation on horizontal surface varied between 1.51 and 2.46 MWh/m2/year with an overall mean value of 2.01 MWh/m2/year for Jordan. The sunshine duration was found to vary, according to the location, between 8.47 and 9.68 hours/day, with a mean value of 9.07 hours/day and about 3311 sunshine hours annually for Jordan. The annual electricity production of the proposed plant varied depending on the location between 6.886 and 11.919 GWh/year, with a mean value of 9.46 GWh/year. The specific yield varied between 340.9 and 196.9 kWh/m2, while the mean value was 270.59 kWh/m2. Analysis of the annual electricity production of the plant, the specific yield, besides the economic indicators, i.e. internal rate of return, simple payback period, years to positive cash flow, net present value, annual life cycle saving, benefit/cost ratio, and cost of energy – for all sites – showed that Tafila and Karak are the most suitable sites for the solar photovoltaic power plant's development and Wadi Yabis is the worst. The results also showed that an average of 7414.9 tons of greenhouse gases can be avoided annually utilising the proposed plant for electricity generation at any part of Jordan.  相似文献   
87.
“十二五”及2020年电力需求预测研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
准确地把握未来10年的电力需求走势是做好电力规划、安排电力建设的重要基础.考虑到不同部门电力需求具有不同的决定因素和机制,本文把全社会用电量分为居民生活用电、农业用电、工业用电、建筑业用电和服务业用电等五个部分,构建、拟合不同的电力需求方程,预测电力需求.预测的主要结果是:“十二五”期间全社会用电量年均增长率约为7.8%,2015年用电量超过6万亿kWh,“十三五”期间的年均增长率为6.1%,2020年用电量接近8.2万亿kWh.未来10年,单位产值用电量将逐步下降,电力消费增长率将低于GDP增长率,电力需求弹性分别为0.84和0.72.电力需求结构将发生显著变化,到2020年居民生活用电占全社会用电比重为20%左右,工业用电比重将从当前的73%下降到2020年的63%.  相似文献   
88.
以双室微生物燃料电池为研究对象,改变活性污泥MLSS值、营养物质的量、营养物质种类、温度等运行条件,测量24 h内COD值、细菌数目和电压值,进而研究不同运行条件对微生物燃料电池运行初期产电性能的影响。结果表明:在其他同等条件下,只改变MLSS值时,MLSS值越大,产电性能愈佳,只改变葡萄糖浓度时,当葡萄糖浓度为60 mg/mL时,产电性能最佳,最大电压和功率密度可达224.8 mV和505 mW/m3,只改变营养物质种类时,当加入低糖和C源营养物质时,产电性能较佳,只改变运行温度,当温度为37 ℃时,产电性能最佳,最大电压和功率密度可达231.5 mV和535 mW/m3;改变上述条件时,细菌数目与MFC的产电性能呈显著正相关关系。  相似文献   
89.
考察了氧化石墨烯(GO)修饰活性炭(AC)空气阴极(AC-GO阴极)对微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能以及有机物去除率的影响。实验结果表明,向AC阴极中掺杂一定量的GO可以降低阴极的内阻,提高阴极电化学反应速率。其中,GO掺杂量为0.5 mg·cm-2的AC-GO0.05阴极性能最好,该AC-GO0.05阴极MFC体系的最大功率密度(Pmax)为767 mW·m-2,是空白AC阴极体系Pmax(459 mW·m-2)的1.7倍,化学需氧量(COD)去除率和库伦效率(CE)均明显高于空白AC阴极体系。  相似文献   
90.
目前窃电客户数量大、窃电方式隐蔽等现象较为普遍,反窃电工作难度大,现有查窃手段难以满足需求。基于大数据分析,本文通过客户基础数据提取、异常数据综合诊断分析、窃电模型输出,窃电工单闭环处理,通过科学准确的阀值设定,客户窃电特征分析,实现精准研判与智能在线监测。  相似文献   
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