Occupational risk from static magnetic fields of MRI scanners

The health care staff operating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are exposed to static magnetic field of significant spatial heterogenity and high level of flux density—usually existing permanently during the shift. The personnel can also be exposed to pulses of magnetic field of high rate of rise/fall, so-called gradient fields, which exist only during examination of patients. The level of workers’ exposure depends both on the type of the magnet and on the ergonomical characteristic of design of the particular MRI scanner. This paper presents the current state of the art on occupational exposure to static magnetic field health effects, gaps in scientific data, MRI workers’ exposure characteristics, research needs, and suggestions for the exposure assessment protocol for future investigations.     

Transfer of powders into flammable solvents overview of explosion hazards and preventive measures

This paper evaluates and analyses the explosion hazards associated with transfer operations of powders into large containers, hoppers and reactors, which may also contain flammable solvent vapours. The formation and characteristics of explosive atmospheres and the occurrence of process inherent ignition sources, such as static electricity are described. The most commonly applied preventive measures and technical equipment are outlined and discussed including their advantages and disadvantages.     

火灾环境下具有弹性支座钢构件的稳定性能

根据弹性稳定理论原理研究了具有弹性支座钢结构构件在火灾环境下的静力特性问题 ,导出了高温下钢构件的静力稳定临界荷载和长度计算式 ,并讨论了温度、杆件的侧向弹簧刚度、杆长、保护层厚度等因素对杆件静力稳定临界荷载和长度的影响 ,分析表明 ,杆件的侧向弹簧刚度、杆长、保护层厚度对杆件的稳定承载力影响较大 ,并探讨了在实际工程中如何减小结构失稳的问题。     

基于模糊方法的电除尘器火花率模型的研究

研究静电除尘器火花跟踪控制方式在不同煤种中的最佳火花率问题.火花率、燃煤灰分与除尘效率之间的关系非常复杂,难以建立精确的数学模型.利用模糊理论解决不同煤种对电除尘器最佳火花率的影响问题,根据实际的应用经验建立了由电场火花率、燃煤灰分决定电除尘器除尘效率的模糊关系.仿真结果表明,所采用的方法能根据不同煤种的变化找到电场的...     

Assessment of explosion risks caused by cone discharges when filling silos and containers with pellets

It is well known that during the filling of silos and containers with bulk material, so-called cone discharges can occur because of electrostatic charges. Whether or not cone discharges occur at all depends on whether the breakdown field strength of air under atmospheric conditions of 3 MV/m is reached at the silo and container inner wall. This in turn depends on the charge to mass ratio of the bulk, the bulk resistivity, the bulk density, the relative permittivity of the bulk material, the silo or container diameter and the filling rate. If cone discharges can't be avoided, the energy of cone discharges can be estimated according to the equation given in the relevant guidelines TRGS 727 (2016) and IEC/TS 60079-32-1 (2013). Therefore, the coarse fraction must be considered. As soon as the energy of the cone discharge is greater than or equal to the minimum ignition energy of the bulk material introduced, there is a risk of dust explosion. Here the fine fraction of the bulk material is relevant.The investigations described are a practical example how computer models can be used to assess the occurrence of cone discharges. It is calculated for which silo and container diameters and filling rates the critical field strength of 3 MV/m is reached. In these calculations the charge relaxation during pneumatic filling with bulk material is taken into account. The results of the computational modelling together with operational boundary conditions serve as a decision basis whether exclusion of incendive ignition sources is an adequate safety measure or whether further explosion protection measures must be considered. Finally, a brief overview of other possible explosion protection measures is given.     

气相色谱-质谱法快速筛查气态制冷剂产品中的热点管控类卤代烃

建立了利用气相色谱-质谱法快速筛查气态制冷剂产品中的10种热点管控类卤代烃的分析方法。采用气密性微量注射器对气态制冷剂样品进行取样,刺透瓶盖隔垫加入到顶空瓶中,自动进样;以GS-GasPro(多孔层开管,60 m×0.32 mm)为色谱柱,采用电子轰击离子源,全扫描模式采集。测试结果显示:目标物的体积分数在0.50%~100.00%范围内,相对响应因子的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%;线性相关系数r均在0.999以上;检出限(3.143倍标准偏差)为0.01%~0.05%。对实际样品进行加标回收,回收率为79.5%~102%,测定值RSD为0.5%~3.1%。该方法可为快速、准确、批量筛查气态制冷剂产品中的多种热点管控类卤代烃提供技术支撑。     

车用LNG气瓶的定期检验技术

针对车用液化天然气（LNG）气瓶定期检验的特殊要求,制定出定期检验项目及相应的检验方法。重点对车LNG气瓶静态蒸发率的测试方法进行研究,并给出评判标准。研究成果为车用LNG气瓶的安全应用提供保障,为车用LNG气瓶定期检验标准的制定提供理论依据。     

静电加速器辐射污染环境监测系统

介绍了静电加速器辐射污染环境监测系统的结构与原理,采用合理的布局设置对静电加速器在运转中产生的γ、X和快中子等多种辐射实时监测,并按国际辐射吸收剂量率标准进行辐射污染防护.该系统实际运行效果良好,也适用于其他大范围场地多种辐射的监测.     

废物热解焚烧工艺设备选择的技术要点

主要介绍了热解氧化焚烧的概念及原理,指出了实现热解氧化焚烧的关键因素。根据热解焚烧的控制过程,详细地介绍了静态热解和动态热解的工艺特点,并对实现热解焚烧所采用的焚烧炉进行了比较及适用性分析,提出了废物热解焚烧工艺的技术要点。     

顶空-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定气样中甲醇

对自动顶空进样器与气相色谱法联用技术测定环境空气和废气中甲醇的方法进行了研究。结果表明：当样品加入4g氯化钠,顶空平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为20min,用HP—FFAP毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测时,得到甲醇标准曲线方程为y=23415x＋237．2,相关系数（R）0．9994;检出限为0．002mg／m2,相对标准偏差（n=6）为0．5％,加标回收率为98．9％。该方法简单、灵敏、分离度好、检出限低。