放射性废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障的研究进展

放射性废物处置库工程屏障的设计对处置库中放射性废物的长期安全具有重要意义.毛细屏障作为处置库顶盖的工程屏障之一,已在国内外得到广泛的应用.阐述了放射性废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障设置的意义,对近年来毛细屏障的一些研究进展进行了分析,提出了一些尚待解决的问题.     

室内甲醛污染现状及其防治对策

人的一生将近三分之二的时间是在室内度过的,因而室内环境质量对人的健康至关重要。人们居住条件在不断改善,但居室大规模的装饰、装修,使得室内空气中甲醛等污染物的浓度大大超标,给人们的身心健康带来了极大的伤害。目前,甲醛已成为中国新装修家庭中的主要污染物,了解甲醛的性质及其主要来源、危害,采取对策防治室内甲醛污染是相关部门乃至每个公民的责任。     

苏州市危险废物管理现状及对策

介绍了苏州市危险废物的种类及产生量，分析了目前的管理现状，指出了存在的问题和不足，并提出了相应的防治对策及具体应投资的项目。     

Armaments and ornaments in the rock sparrow: a possible dual utility of a carotenoid-based feather signal

Females often base their mating preferences on male sexual secondary traits that are used to settle contests among males. Such traits are likely to be honest indicators of male quality if they are constantly used during costly male–male agonistic interactions. Carotenoid signals have been shown to work as a handicap because they are costly to produce. However, the role of carotenoids as “honest” signals during male contests is less clear, and it is not known whether a carotenoid-based trait can serve in both male–male competition and female choice. In this study, we studied the dual function of a carotenoid feather ornament in the rock sparrow (Petronia petronia), a bird species in which both sexes have a yellow throat patch whose size positively correlates with phenotypic measures. First, we investigated, in a field study, whether the size of a male’s yellow patch correlates with his ability to acquire a territory. Second, we tested the signal function of the yellow patch in two male–male interaction in captivity experiments. Finally, we measured female preference for males differing in throat patch size in a mate choice experiment. Our experiments revealed that the size of a male’s throat patch positively correlated with the number of nest boxes he was able to defend. Moreover, in controlled conditions, males with relatively large yellow patches had earlier access to food than those with small patches. Also, in an experiment in which a dummy rock sparrow with an experimentally manipulated yellow patch was positioned near a feeder, latency to feed by focal birds positively correlated with dummy patch size. Lastly, in a dichotomous mate choice experiment, females showed a proximity preference for males whose patch was experimentally enlarged. Taken together, these results suggest that the same carotenoid feather signal may be used in both male–male competition and female choice in this passerine bird.     

污水回用处理技术现状分析

概括地介绍了污水回用的国内外发展现状，水质标准以及处理技术，并对其效益作了简要分析。     

基塘系统可持续发展现状、问题及对策研究

珠江三角洲基塘生态系统是一种独特的人工生态系统，也是可持续农业的一种类型。本文分析了在经济高速发展的条件下，基塘生态系统的特点、现状及可持续发展中存在的问题，并针对性地提出对策和建议。     

上海地区SO2污染现状和趋势分析

根据上海市监测系统长期监测资料，对上海地区大气中ＳＯ２的污染现状进行了综合分析，并总结出ＳＯ２的时空分布规律与特征。应用秩相关系数法，对１９８６￣１９９５年的１０年ＳＯ２浓度均值进行了年际变化趋势检验，同时从最大值、超标率及高浓度日出现天数等不同的侧面，进行了年际变化趋势分析，以充分的证明表明，上海市ＳＯ２年际变化呈显著下降趋势。     

农业面源污染及防治对策

农村面源污染源分布广泛,没有确切位置,其治理一直是个难题.由于化肥和农药的大量使用,农业面源污染已成为我国农村生态环境恶化的重要原因之一.本文对农业面源污染的特点、危害和现状进行了论述,并提出防治农业面源污染的具体防治对策和建议.     

我国碳排放权交易试点现状及问题分析

分析了碳排放权交易试点市场的政策环境,从准入规则、配额分配、排放核查、交易量与交易价格4个方面介绍了各试点地区碳排放权交易市场的现状,归纳出了我国碳排放交易试点的主要特点;并通过与碳排放交易欧盟体系(EU-ETS)进行对比,提出了我国在碳排放权交易试点工作中存在的主要问题及国际差距,并提出了完善我国碳排放权交易市场的建议。     

海南省城镇污泥处理处置对策建议

为了便于海南省实现污泥的有效处置,研究组对海南省全部污水处理厂相关运营数据进行了系统分析,基于前期资料分析、实地调查及典型污水处理厂污泥采样分析结果,本研究明确了污水收集管网覆盖面低、雨污不分流等海南省城镇污水处理厂运营现状,同时提出污泥产量低、污泥处理后部分指标不达标、现有处置方式单一、不尽合理等污泥处理处置现状及存在问题。最后,提出了加快城镇污水收集管网建设、强化污泥处理工作及加强投资与管理等建议。