Territorial meadow pipit males (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthus pratensis</Emphasis>; Passeriformes) become more aggressive in female presence

Although mate guarding as prevention of extra-pair copulation is common among birds, evidence for aggressive behaviour involving physical contact related to mate guarding in passerines is scarce and cases of the presence of one partner directly influencing the aggressiveness of the other are lacking. We investigated the intra-specific territorial behaviour of male meadow pipits (Anthus pratensis; Passeriformes: Motacillidae) at the beginning of the breeding season by placing a pipit model accompanied by an intra-specific song playback in the territory of socially paired males and compared the responses of males whose mates were physically present during trials with those whose females were out of sight. The level of aggression of males was significantly higher in the presence of the female; half of the males in this group physically attacked the model (the most intense and risky aggressive behaviour). Physical attacks did not occur among males whose female was absent during the trial; response to the playback by most of these males was only weak. This pattern may be related to the prevention of extra-pair copulation; if the risks involved in the conflict are outweighed by potential loss of paternity, such aggressive mate guarding may pay off. The apparently overlooked effect on the territorial behaviour of a partner’s passive physical presence during conflict should be further evaluated because it may be important for the design and interpretation of results of behavioural experiments.     

塑料大气环境老化预测模型研究

目的为塑料老化行为预测提供简易而可靠的途径,充分发挥环境效应数据的内在价值。方法分别运用GM(1,1)模型、幂函数模型、指数函数模型、多项式模型预测9种工程塑料在3种典型大气环境下的拉伸强度、延伸率和弯曲强度等力学性能变化,并与自然环境试验实测结果进行比较。结果拉伸强度、延伸率、弯曲强度等3种力学性能中,弯曲强度预测效果最好,延伸率预测效果最差。4种模型之中,GM(1,1)模型在预测小样本数据方面具有最好的预测效果和最高的正确率,且在数据具有一定波动性的情况下仍能够保持较好的预测效果。结论在挖掘分析塑料大气老化评价指标和试验时间之间的函数关系时,不仅要考虑预测模型的拟合效果好坏、相关系数高低、预测误差和预测正确率高低,还应注意预测模型反映出来的塑料性能变化规律是否符合客观实际,这样得到的预测模型才能尽可能地反映塑料老化程度与试验时间关系的全貌。     

中原经济区发展的主要资源环境约束及破解对策

本文以中原经济区发展战略环评项目为基础,系统的分析了中原经济区发展面临的战略性资源瓶颈突出、结构性污染等资源环境约束及对粮食生产安全、人居环境安全及流域水安全等三大安全构成威胁,提出优化经济发展的调控策略以及破解资源环境约束的相关对策。     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

科技支撑美丽中国建设的进展和展望

自党的十八大提出美丽中国建设目标以来，为发挥好科技支撑作用，国家组织开展了一系列关于资源、生态和环境等领域的科技计划，有效支撑了美丽中国建设的理论探索、生态环境保护修复和生态文明体制建设决策支持等方面的科技需求。本文在梳理过去十年国际及发达国家生态环境领域科技研发布局情况，以及我国相关领域科技研发计划和推进情况的基础上，重点介绍了中国科学院“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”战略性先导科技专项（A类）的主要研发内容及取得的阶段进展，并基于现状与期望分析，辨识有关领域科技前沿动态与发展趋势，提出关于下一步科技发展方向的建议，以期为党的二十大之后科技推进美丽中国建设的方向提供参考。