Monitoring The Turbidity and Surface Temperature Changes and Effects of the 17 August 1999 Earthquake in the İzmİt Gulf,Turkey by the Landsat TM/ETM Data

The temporal turbidity and surface temperature changes and effects of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the İzmit Gulf, Turkey have been investigated using Landsat TM/ETM data. The gulf is in the Mediterranean–Black Sea transition climatic zone and is partially surrounded by green vegetation cover and degraded and densely urbanized-industrialized areas. Landsat TM/ETM data acquired in 1990–1999 confirms increase in turbidity. Turbidity is always low in the southern part and high in the northern part of the gulf, because the more urbanized and industrialized areas are located in the northern part. The Landsat-7 ETM data acquired in the same year (1999) shows seasonal changes in turbidity. Moreover, the two high turbidity and surface temperature anomalies, one of which is parallel to the 17 August 1999 earthquake surface rupture (east–west) and the other which is in the northwest–southeast direction were mapped from Landsat-5 TM data acquired the day (18.08.1999) following the earthquake in the east end of the gulf. On the basis of turbidity implying the sea bottom movement, it is possible to state that a second rupture in the northwest and southeast direction could have occurred at the sea bottom during the earthquake. The distribution of the seismicity centers and the orientation of the lineaments in the area support this finding.     

塔里木南缘孤立绿洲近50年气候变化特征分析

通过分析塔里木盆地孤立绿洲民丰县气温、降水2个气象要素的相关资料得出，从20世纪50年代至90年代，气温呈上升趋势，而夏秋两季降水量随温度上升而上升。从气象要素的历史变化和季节分布特征看，塔里木盆地的孤立绿洲整体环境状况仍处于比较差的阶段。此分析结论对合理利用本地气候资源具有实际意义，并且能够为研究干旱区气候变化提供一定的帮助。     

地面水环境质量评价方法的比较

利用单项污染指数,综合污染指数,模糊数学和灰色系统方法对山西省汾河太原段两个主要断面进行了评价,指出了这几种评价方法的优缺点,为今后的地面水环境质量评价提供了思路。     

重庆长寿地区垂直温度结构特征分析

本文根据在长寿地区进行的一系列大气边界层探空试验资料,分析了大气温度垂直结构特征以及与逆温有关的大气扩散条件。     

海水热扩散研究进展与新问题分析

从实际的工程背景出发，较为详细地介绍了国内外关于热扩散问题的研究进展。还针对海水源热泵系统应用分析了当前研究存在的不足，指出了今后在该问题方面的研究方向。     

辽河铁岭段水质监测点位布设及分析

对辽河铁岭段水质监测点位布设及各点位在环境监测、研究污染控制、环境管理和制定环境规划等方面的影响及作用进行了分析。     

Influence of carbon source and temperature on the denitrifying phosphorus removal process

To supply the valuable operating parameters for the popular usage of the new denitrifying phosphors removal process, it is essential to study the dominant biochemical reactions and the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB). Thus, parallel batch experiments using DPB sludge were carried out to assess the effect of substrates (sewage, HAc, and endogenous carbon source) on denitrifying dephosphorus removal efficiency in this study. The results showed that the initial specific phosphorus release rate increased with the high concentration of the short-chain volatile fatty acids ratio in the influent, and sufficient phosphorus was released by DPB. This improved the subsequent denitrification and phosphorus uptake efficiency. The specific endogenous denitrification mainly relies on the internal carbon source (PHB) stored by poly-P bacteria. Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria were very hungry when the internal PHB was consumed. Consequently, the specific endogenous denitrification rate was low and the phosphorus uptake did not happen. On the other hand, in the experiment, the denitrifying phosphorus removal performance under two temperature conditions (8–10°C and 25–26°C) was also investigated and analyzed. It was found that the lower temperature decreased the specific phosphorus release and uptake rate, but did not inhibit the denitrifying phosphorus removal completely. Therefore, the negative influence of the low temperature on the overall phosphorus removal was not significant. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26 (2): 186–192 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

广西东南部高温灾害气候特征分析

利用1953至2002年广西玉林市气温资料,统计分析了桂东南高温灾害天气气候特征,并概括出造成桂东南高温灾害天气的主要环流形势类型,总结出各种高温灾害天气环流形势的中短期预报方法和指标.     

黑龙江省未来30和50年气候变化预测

利用CCCma,CCSR,CSIRO,Gfdl和Hadley气候模式,对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔、佳木斯、哈尔滨和牡丹江等4个地区未来50年(2005～2050年)内,在GG,GS情景下的气温变化进行了数值预测.结果表明,在GS情景下,到2030和2050年,气温较目前均有较大增高.2030年年均温度可增高1.94℃,其中春季增高2.06℃,夏季增高1.29℃,秋季增高1.79℃,冬季增高2.66℃,说明冬季增温最大,依次为春季、秋季和夏季;其中西部齐齐哈尔增温最大,其次为佳木斯,再次为哈尔滨和牡丹江.2050年气温继续增高,年均将增高2.42℃,其中春季增高2.13℃,夏季增高1.68℃,秋季增高2.56℃,冬季增高3.21℃,冬季仍然是四季中增幅最大的,其次为秋季、春季和夏季.如果按GG情景考虑,未来气温较GS情景还要高出1℃,增温最大的仍为西部齐齐哈尔,增温最小的仍为牡丹江.     

PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady‐state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.