放牧强度季节调控对短花针茅荒漠草原土壤养分的影响

以内蒙古高原荒漠草原亚带短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,设置五个放牧强度季节调控处理和对照处理,对不同处理方式下土壤养分进行研究。结果表明：放牧的季节调控对土壤养分状况有一定的影响。0~10 cm土层全氮、速效氮、NH4-N在各放牧处理下无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧处理下全氮含量随土层深度的变化无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季重度放牧土壤表层全氮高于底层,秋季重度放牧土壤全氮含量有往表层积累趋势。土壤全磷、速效磷含量随土层深度的变化无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季适度放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧下0~10 cm土层全磷、速效磷含量低于其他土层,短期的放牧对草地磷的养分含量无太大的影响。全钾含量在春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧和春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧下无显著差异（P>0.05）。速效钾含量0~10、20~30 cm土层春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧明显高于春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧（P<0.05）,全年载蓄率相同的情况下季节载蓄率的调整能影响钾的有效性。土壤有机质含量在不同放牧处理下较对照区有所增加;在0~10 cm 土层各放牧处理较对照有机质有增加的趋势。速磷与 NH4-N、NO3-N 具有极显著相关关系（P<0.01）,全氮和有机质具有极显著相关关系（P<0.01）。     

双重环境规制下政府经济竞争对绿色高质量发展的影响

利用我国2008~2018年277个地级及以上城市面板数据,基于EBM模型与GML指数测度并分析绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）,在此基础上系统分析双重环境规制下政府经济竞争与GTFP间存在的非线性关系.结果发现：绿色技术进步是中国GTFP增长的主要引擎,但各地区的驱动力不尽相同;政府经济竞争对GTFP具有显著的抑制作用,并存在隐性规制的单门槛效应,但地区间存在差异,西部和东北地区存在隐性规制单门槛,而东部地区门槛效应不显著;外商直接投资和科技投入支出均造成辖区内GTFP损失,产业结构在一定程度上缓解了环境问题,但存在区域异质性.     

Accurate power-sharing,voltage regulation,and SOC regulation for LVDC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system using artificial neural network

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an artificial neural network-based control strategy is proposed for low voltage DC microgrid (LVDC microgrid) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to improve power-sharing between battery and supercapacitor (SC) to suit the demand-generation imbalance, maintain state-of-charge (SOC) within boundaries and thereby to regulate the dc bus voltage. The conventional controller cannot track the SCs current rapidly with the high-frequency component that will place dynamic stress on the battery, further resulting in shorter battery life. The significant advantage is that in the proposed control strategy, redirections of unwaged battery currents to SCs for fast compensations enhance battery life span. The proposed control strategy effectiveness was investigated by simulations, including a comparison of overshoot/undershoot and settling time in dc bus voltage with a conventional control strategy. The results have been experimentally verified by hardware-in-loop (HIL) on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulator.     

“十一五”约束性污染控制的企业减排效应

依托2006年“十一五”约束性污染控制政策的实施,基于中国工业企业数据与企业污染排放数据的匹配数据库,探究总量控制与约束性的环境规制政策实施对企业减排的影响效果及其作用机制。研究发现:约束性污染控制政策实施后,受规制强度较高的企业SO₂和COD的污染排放量分别下降了12.8%、12.1%,该效应经过一系列稳健性检验依然显著;机制分析发现,约束性污染控制实施后,SO₂组样本的洁净能源消费量上升0.12%、技术效率提升53.56%,COD组样本洁净能源消费量上升0.14%、技术效率提升56.60%,企业通过能源消费结构的转变和技术效率的提升实现减排。异质性分析发现,国有企业和非国有企业、大规模企业和小规模企业、重污染行业企业和非重污染行业企业以及东西部地区企业在减排效果上均存在显著差异。企业到地理边界的距离与企业污染排放量存在着局部负相关关系。     

Local voices on renewable energy projects: the performative role of the regulatory process for major offshore infrastructure in England and Wales

There is currently a considerable emphasis on delivering major renewable energy infrastructure projects. Such projects will have impacts on local communities; some impacts may be perceived as positive but others will be viewed more negatively. Any just regulatory process for considering and permitting such infrastructure will need to heed the concerns that local communities voice. But what counts as a local voice? In this paper it is argued that the regulatory process plays a performative role, constructing what counts as a local voice. Furthermore, this has consequences for how regulatory deliberations proceed and the outcomes of regulatory processes. The empirical basis for this argument is a study of major offshore renewable energy infrastructure in England and Wales and the way that it is regulated through a specific regime – the Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) regime established by the Planning Act 2008. Through a detailed study of eight projects that have passed through the regime, the analysis unfolds the way that the voices of local residents, local businesses, local NGOs and local authorities are constructed in the key boundary object of the Examining Authority’s report; it then draws out the implications for the mitigation measures that are negotiated. The research suggests that what counts as a local voice is constrained by how the performative role of the NSIPs regulatory regime differentiates between interests and suggests that new ways of giving voice to local people are required.     

解析电除尘烟温与粉尘特性的最佳结合点

分析了电除尘烟温对粉尘特性的影响,以及烟温对电除尘器效率的影响,从中找出烟温调节与粉尘特性的最佳结合点。利用烟温调节的理念,应用余热利用节能电除尘技术对电除尘器进行提效改造,通过实例证明,这既可扩大电除尘器适应性和提高电除尘效率、满足低排放要求,又可节省电煤消耗和降低电耗,具有环保与经济的双重效益。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER REQUIREMENTS IN THE GULF COAST OF THE UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: Competition for water resources is becoming an increasingly important issue in the southeastern U.S. The potential impacts of future precipitation and runoff estimated by a transient global climate model (HADCM2) on competing water resources in the Southeast has been conducted. Issues of agricultural management, irrigation water withdrawals, and water quality were studied over three time periods: 1974–1993, 2020–2039, and 2080–2099 in five water basins identified previously as exhibiting water-related problems. These basins, which encompass the boundary between Alabama and Mississippi, cover four important agricultural counties in Mississippi. Irrigation water requirements generated by crop growth models for corn, soybeans, and winter wheat were coupled with monthly runoff for the impacted basins estimated by the SWAT water balance model. The results of the study reveal that in the next 20–40 years water availability in the southern portions of the study area will decline as much as 10 percent during times when water requirements for agricultural production are crucial. Maintaining or expanding existing crop yields under future climate regimes may require additional irrigation water and increase competition among other uses such as domestic, industrial, recreational, and ecosystem quality.     

基于变权集对分析的室内空气品质的评价研究

对室内中的污染物浓度进行测量,科学评价室内空气品质.分析了室内空气质量七种污染物的浓度、评价等级、权重系数三个基本要素.通过建立集对分析模型,用联系度来描述评价对象与评价标准的同异程度,评价结果清晰地显示了集合之间的关系结构.在已有基本权重的基础上,引入变权公式,使污染物的浓度随评价等级同步动态变化.并用该方法对某小区的四栋楼的室内空气质量进行综合评价,该分析结果更加科学合理.该评价方法对室内空气质量评价更加全面、直观.     

城镇环境规划

文章主要探讨了编制小城镇环境规划的理论基础、指标体系、主要内容、城镇环境专题规划及其技术方法,重点对空气污染防治规划、水环境专题规划、噪声污染控制规划和城镇固体废物处理及处置专题规划作了具体分析,论证了正确处理城镇发展与环境保护之间的关系,改善城镇环境质量,促进城镇生态系统的良性循环,实现城镇的可持续发展,已成为各国政府环境保护工作的重点.     

镉胁迫下植物的应答和调控

镉对植物引起的氧化胁迫是Cd毒害的重要原因之一.本文综述了Cd诱导植物氧化胁迫效应的机理以及植物对Cd氧化胁迫的相应防御反应,如抗氧化物质、抗氧化保护酶系统等,并介绍了缓解Cd诱导的氧化胁迫的机理和途径.