国家生态工业示范园对企业绿色创新的影响研究

国家生态工业示范园是中国工业绿色转型的主要载体。本文基于创建国家生态工业示范园为切入点,采用多期双重差分法（difference-in-differences, DID）和2002-2017年上市公司的面板数据,实证考察了国家生态工业示范园对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现：①创建国家生态工业示范园显著促进了企业绿色创新,平均提升了上市公司绿色发明专利0.883项,绿色实用专利0.465项;②事件分析表明,国家生态工业示范园与企业绿色创新之间存在着“先增后降”的倒“U”形关系;③国家生态工业示范园显著增加了企业环保投资,抑制了企业排污费,但与政府环保补助之间没有必然联系;④国家生态工业示范园更有助于非国有企业、经营状况比较好的企业以及东部经济发达地区的企业绿色创新,并且其绿色创新效应不集中于特定行业（如重污染行业）。本文从微观企业层面为理解创建国家生态工业示范园的经济社会效益提供了启发。     

REGULATING NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN SURFACE WATERS: A PROPOSAL1

ABSTRACT: Nonpoint sources (NPS) are an important and continuing source of toxic and conventional pollutants to surface waters. The Clean Water Act amendments of 1987 call for the regulation of these sources through the use of Best Management Practices (BMP). However, BMP implementation has generally occurred on a voluntary basis. This paper proposes a regulatory mechanism to control nonpoint source pollution. The regulatory mechanism involves the development of consortia, made up of all parties potentially responsible for NPS pollution, the development of wasteload allocations that coordinate the pollutant contributions from both point and nonpoint sources in a stream segment, and the issuance of permits to consortia to regulate the impacts of NPS pollution and ensure achievement of state or federal Water Quality Criteria and Standards.     

环境政策工具促进煤化工企业节能减排绩效的组合路径研究

煤化工企业节能减排是提升能源利用效率、实现低碳经济转型的关键抓手。本文基于环境规制理论,以中国417家煤化工企业为研究样本,从组态视角深入探究环境政策工具何以促进煤化工企业节能减排绩效有效提升的多重复杂因果机制。研究发现：①政府或企业单一主体层面的因素均不足以独立成为高水平企业节能减排绩效的必要条件,煤化工企业的高水平节能减排绩效是多个前因条件协同作用的结果,但是提升企业绿色技术创新意愿发挥着较为普适的作用。②企业高水平节能减排绩效的前因组态包括三种路径：“激励与参与工具组合下的绿色技术创新意愿驱动型”“激励工具导向下的绿色技术创新驱动型”和“控制与参与工具组合下的绿色技术创新意愿驱动型”。③在特定的客观条件禀赋下,市场激励型政策工具与自愿参与型政策工具可通过条件组态间的等效替代以“殊途同归”的方式提升企业节能减排绩效。本研究期望通过以上研究与结论,为煤化工企业节能减排的绿色转型提供理论参考与实践启示。     

Chemicals in Household Products: Problems with Solutions

The success of a regulatory regime in decreasing point-source emissions of some harmful chemicals has highlighted the significance of other sources. A growing number of potentially harmful chemicals have been incorporated into an expanding range of domestic household products and are sold worldwide. Tighter regulation has been proposed, and the European Commission has introduced the Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals to address this concern. However, it is clear that in addition to the regulation, there is a potential to effect change through retailer and consumer attitudes and behaviours. Interviews were conducted with 7 key stakeholder groups to identify critical issues, which were then explored using a public survey questionnaire (1,008 respondents) and 8 subsequent focus groups. The findings demonstrated that the issue of chemicals in products is of concern to consumers for reasons of personal health rather than environmental protection. Key obstacles to the wider purchase of “green-alternative” products included perceived high cost and poor performance, lack of availability of products, and poor information concerning such products. Although improved regulation was seen as part of the solution, consumers must also play a role. It was clear from this study that consumers are not currently able to make informed choices about the chemicals they use but that they would be receptive to moving toward a more sustainable use of chemicals in the future if empowered to do so.     

完善我国地质遗迹保护项目规划与设计的思考

地质遗迹保护项目的规划设计是重要的基础性工作，是决定工程实施以及由此产生的环境、经济、社会影响的重要因素。介绍了我国地质遗迹保护项目规划设计现状，总结了在规划设计和编制中存在的问题，并对保护规划设计方案提出了一系列对策建议。     

中国城市水务业特许经营法律制度研究

特许经营作为城市水务业市场化改革的重要实现形式,经历了一个\"由盛转衰\"的历程。总结其中缘由,现有立法在政府管制体制、政府管制内容、招投标制度和竞争机制的构建方面存在诸多问题。完善城市水务业特许经营法律制度应\"双管齐下\",着重从市场准入管制、价格管制和质量管制三方面完善相关制度设计。