我国居室内空气中甲醛污染现状分析及对策研究

介绍了我国目前居室空气中甲醛污染现状,分析了居室空气中甲醛的来源及污染的成因。在实际工作中,摸索、总结了一套以在房间布局中设立衣帽间为核心的、防止因装修引起的居室空气中甲醛污染的具体办法。该办法简单、经济、适用面广,效果明显, 值得提倡和普及。     

大型锅炉房的噪声监测与治理

对大型锅炉房(燃煤、燃气、燃油)的噪声源进行测试分析．给出了隔声、吸声、消声量的计算公式．同时针对燃煤、燃油、燃气锅炉房的噪声污染．采取了不同的治理措施．取得了较好的治理效果。     

青岛港前湾一期煤系统环保设备运行效果监测与评价

通过对青岛港前湾一期煤系统环保设备除尘效果实地监测，分析论证了煤系统环保防污措施的实效性和可行性，为环保设备管理提供科学依据。     

pH-dependent leaching behaviour and other performance properties of cement-treated mixed contaminated soil

Portland cement has been widely used for stabilisation/solidification (S/S) treatment of contaminated soils. However, there is a dearth of literature on pH-dependent leaching of contaminants from cement-treated soils. This study investigates the leachability of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from a mixed contaminated soil. A sandy soil was spiked with 3000 mg/kg each of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, and 10,000 mg/kg of diesel, and treated with ordinary Portland cement (CEM I). Four different binder dosages, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (m/m) and different water contents ranging from 13%-19% dry weight were used in order to find a safe operating envelope for the treatment process. The pH-dependent leaching behaviour of the treated soil was monitored over an 84-day period using a 3-point acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) test. The monolithic leaching test was also conducted. Geotechnical properties such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), hydraulic conductivity and porosity were assessed over time. The treated soils recorded lower leachate concentrations of Ni and Zn compared to the untreated soil at the same pH depending on binder dosage. The binder had problems with Pb stabilisation and TPH leachability was independent of pH and binder dosage. The hydraulic conductivity of the mixes was generally of the order, 10^-8 m/sec, while the porosity ranged from 26%-44%. The results of selected performance properties are compared with regulatory limits and the range of operating variables that lead to acceptable performance described.     

Ultrafine particle emission characteristics of diesel engine by on-board and test bench measurement

This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) × 10⁸ cm^-3. The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 × 10⁶ cm^-3 and 2.7 × 10⁷ cm^-3 under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 × 10⁸ cm^-3 under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 nm in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds.     

某涡轮风扇发动机试车台的声环境研究

涡轮风扇发动机试车台空气流量大,试车噪声呈宽带强噪声,其中突出的低频域噪声可远距离传播,易造成大范围的环境污染。为掌握某型涡轮风扇发动机在室内试车时的噪声特性,并检验试车台建筑物和各项降噪设备的效果,我们对新建试车台的声环境进行了测量。通过对该试车台内、外环境噪声数据的分析,表明新建试车台的声环境满足了我国有关规范的要求。本次研究工作对今后试车台的声学设计具有重要的借鉴意义。     

餐厨垃圾综合资源化处理技术实例研究

在目前餐厨垃圾处理现状基础上,介绍了一种餐厨垃圾处理工艺,采用机械生物处理技术,包括收运系统、粉碎分选预处理、厌氧发酵生物处理、沼气热电联供、有机堆肥、废水处理、除臭系统多个环节,分离出油脂进行回收,垃圾厌氧发酵产生沼气发电,沼渣进行堆肥,以期实现餐厨垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化,解决"垃圾猪"、"地沟油"问题。     

成都市典型非道路工程机械排气烟度分析

采用不透光烟度计采集了成都市典型工程机械(挖掘机、装载机、叉车和压路机)排气烟度,研究了机械功率对其活动水平(燃油消耗量和年均工作时间)的影响,同时也研究了机械发动机构造和机械排放标准对其排气烟度的影响;同时,采用氮硫测定仪分析了机械油品硫含量,研究了硫含量对其排气烟度的影响.试验结果表明:机械功率越大的工程机械,燃油消耗量和年均工作时间数越高.成都典型工程机械排气烟度排放水平最低的为装载机,最高的为压路机;同时,超高排放装载机与叉车的占比较高.工程机械排气烟度受机械发动机排量、机械发动机构造、机械发动机排放标准和机械用油的综合影响,通过对工程机械装配电控发动机、提高原机排放标准和使用低硫燃油均能直观反映出机械排气烟度不同程度的改善.此外,油品中硫含量越高,机械排气烟度越大.     

SIL评估技术在柴油加氢装置的应用

介绍了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级(SIL)评估方法,并将SIL评估技术在柴油加氢装置进行应用,系统全面分析了装置安全仪表系统的可靠性,并提出合理可行的建议措施,对于提高装置安全稳定运行水平具有重要作用。     

基于不同电力需求的中国减污降碳协同增效路径

当前我国同时面临改善生态环境质量和实现碳达峰碳中和两大战略任务,协同推进减污降碳已成为我国经济社会发展全面绿色转型的必然选择,电力部门在转型过程中将发挥重要作用.面向不同的电力需求情景,构建低成本实现碳达峰、碳中和的多目标模型,求解得出减污降碳协同增效最优路径方案.结果表明,在如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的前提下,减污和降碳协同性较好,两者协同控制可高效助力低碳转型的实现;优化电力部门发电结构是实现减污降碳协同增效的关键措施,研究期火电占比不断下降,清洁电力占比超过92.5%;不同电力需求下二氧化碳和主要大气污染物排放量有明显差异,其中二氧化碳排放量受电力需求影响最大,低电力需求、中等电力需求和高电力需求情景下峰值二氧化碳排放量分别为94.16亿、 104.09亿和107.46亿t,主要污染物二氧化硫、氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放同样表现出在低电力需求、中等电力需求和高电力需求情景下依次递增的趋势.电力需求的提高仅增加了电力部门内部发电结构调整的压力,未影响到其他部门的产量和活动水平,即电力需求导致的电力部门减排压力未表现出部门间传递的趋势.