快速判别排除机械设备的静电与漏电

根据一起电路事故,分析了静电与漏电的特性,提出了判别与排除设备静电与漏电的方法。     

济钢高炉煤气净化回收与综合利用

就河南济源钢铁公司高炉煤气净化系统现状、存在的问题以及改进措施作了详细介绍,净化后的高炉煤气加以综合利用,给济钢带来了巨大的经济效益和环境效益。同时指出高炉煤气净化利用是钢铁企业节能降耗,降低生产成本的有效途径之一。     

静电喷漆作业的防火防爆

静电喷漆工艺应用普及很快,但其生产过程的火灾危险性属甲类。其火灾危险主要在于使用的漆料或有机溶剂,喷漆作业中存在电火花、静电火花、高温热表面、自然发热等引火源。为防止火灾爆炸发生,要注重防火防爆安全管理和强化必要的安全技术措施。     

锅炉房电气设备运行安全应注意的几个问题

对工业锅炉房电气设备及电缆敷设的设计和运行管理安全提出应注意的问题,并提出本质安全要求。     

汽油机冷启动时燃油蒸发多参数影响研究

采用CFD商用软件STAR-CD对汽油机冷启动过程中燃油蒸发进行三维数值模拟,研究了油滴初直径、油滴初速度、进气温度、燃油温度、喷射定时和转速对燃油蒸发率的影响规律.计算结果表明,进气温度、燃油温度和转速对燃油蒸发有重要影响.进气门开时,在进气温度为-7℃和90℃时,蒸发率分别为5.7%和25.0%;相应地,在燃油温度为0℃和60℃时,燃油蒸发率分别为5.7%和22.0%.油滴初直径和喷射定时对燃油蒸发率有一定影响,油滴初速度对燃油蒸发率影响很小.     

不同后处理器对DMCC发动机PM排放的影响

在一台整车排放达到国Ⅲ标准的YC4D140电控单体泵增压中冷柴油机上加装甲醇喷射系统,改成柴油甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)发动机.使用AVL 415S烟度计和DMS 500快速颗粒物光谱仪研究不同后处理器对DMCC发动机颗粒物(PM)排放的影响.试验结果表明,各工况下单独CDPF、DOC+CDPF基本可以消除发动机产生的干炭烟.DOC+CDPF后处理方式与单独CDPF相比,颗粒物捕集效率明显提高,且前者对颗粒物中核态部分的捕集效果更加突出.甲醇掺烧后,炭烟和颗粒物几何平均直径降低.经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,415S烟度计测得的炭烟进一步降低;DMS颗粒物光谱仪显示的颗粒物粒径,因其中核态部分大部被氧化捕集而仅余较大几何平均直径的部分.小负荷时经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,颗粒物的几何平均直径会增大,大负荷时则相反.各工况下相比于CDPF,DOC+CDPF对核态颗粒物捕集更有效.     

Conservation Easements: Biodiversity Protection and Private Use

Abstract:  Conservation easements are one of the primary tools for conserving biodiversity on private land. Despite their increasing use, little quantitative data are available on what species and habitats conservation easements aim to protect, how much structural development they allow, or what types of land use they commonly permit. To address these knowledge gaps, we surveyed staff responsible for 119 conservation easements established by the largest nonprofit easement holder, The Nature Conservancy, between 1985 and 2004. Most easements (80%) aimed to provide core habitat to protect species or communities on-site, and nearly all were designed to reduce development. Conservation easements also allowed for a wide range of private uses, which may result in additional fragmentation and habitat disturbance. Some residential or commercial use, new structures, or subdivision of the property were permitted on 85% of sampled conservation easements. Over half (56%) allowed some additional buildings, of which 60% restricted structure size or building area. Working landscape easements with ranching, forestry, or farming made up nearly half (46%) of the easement properties sampled and were more likely than easements without these uses to be designated as buffers to enhance biodiversity in the surrounding area. Our results demonstrate the need for clear restrictions on building and subdivision in easements, research on the compatibility of private uses on easement land, and greater public understanding of the trade-offs implicit in the use of conservation easements for biodiversity conservation.     

Maintenance of Forest Biodiversity in a Post-Soviet Governance Model: Perceptions by Local Actors in Lithuania

Successful biodiversity conservation does not depend on ecologic knowledge alone. Good conservation policies and policy implementation tools are equally important. Moreover, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of local actors, directly in charge of operations in the field, are a key to successful policy implementation. The connections between policy objectives and their implementation as well as the involvement of local actors’ efforts in implementing policy objectives largely depend on the governance model in use. This article assesses the knowledge of local actors in relation to the biodiversity conservation objectives and tools in Lithuanian forest management. As a main framework for this study, the needs assessment approach was applied. The study used both in-depth open-ended interviews and follow-up telephone interviews. Two state forest enterprises in Lithuania were selected as the study sites. The findings indicate that policy objectives in the field of forest biodiversity conservation and the related tools are well known but not well understood by those in charge of forest biodiversity policy implementation. To improve the situation, a transition toward adaptive learning and participatory governance as a means of facilitating conservation efforts is proposed.     

A Biosurfactant-Enhanced Soil Flushing for the Removal of Phenanthrene and Diesel in Sand

In order to examine the potential of biosurfactants in soil remediation, and to investigate the effects of several operating conditions, such as flow rate, biosurfactant concentration and surfactant type, biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing was conducted. In the biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing process, the removal efficiency increased as the flow rate decreased. Rhamnolipid showed no effect on the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and diesel from sand in the concentration range 0.3-0.5%. However, rhamnolipid showed higher efficiencies for the removal of phenanthrene and diesel from sand than Tween 80. Based on total recovery, following an equivalent pore volume flush, it was more difficult to remove diesel than phenanthrene. In order to obtain the specific removal efficiency, more pore volumes of surfactant solution may be required in field applications. Under optimum conditions, the biosurfactant removed as much as 70% of the phenanthrene and 60% of the diesel in the sand. These results indicate that the use of biosurfactants in the flushing process is favorable, not only with respect to the environment, but also on removal efficiencies.     

城区锅炉房噪声控制技术探讨

本文对城区锅炉房噪声的控制技术进行了分析,根据实际城区锅炉房噪声治理经验,对目前治理过程中常出现的问题,设计方案的优化配置进行了讨论。