Sorption and desorption of lindane by wood charcoal in fixed‐bed reactor

Abstract

Sorption and desorption of lindane (y‐HCH) by wood charcoal (WC) and wood charcoal treated by 1N HNO₃ (WCT) in fixed‐bed reactor (FBR) were investigated in this study. WCT revealed a better performance than WC, in removing lindane in FBR. The breakthrough of lindane was significantly affected by the size of WCT, flow rate to the FBR, and depth of WCT bed. The removal of lindane in the presence of mixture of other pesticides was considerably reduced. The design parameters for FBR were calculated based on the bed‐depth service time (BDST) approach. Many parameters Viz. depth of sorption zone, velocity of sorption, sorbent use rate, critical bed‐depth, bed efficiency, and service time, were determined for design of the fixed‐bed. Using the material balance principle, the characteristics of the wave‐front were evaluated and found that the wave‐front velocity is approximately equal to the sorption velocity determined from the BDST approach. Desorption studies were performed in dilute organic solvent media and they gave an excellent performance in regeneration process.     

微波加热及真空集成再生活性炭

吸附法油气回收技术中,吸附剂的再生是一个难点和研究重点。微波加热再生作为一种新技术,受到人们的广泛关注。运用正交实验,研究了微波功率、辐照时间、活性炭量和真空度对吸附了汽油油气的富活性炭的再生率和损耗率的影响,发现影响顺序为微波功率〉辐照时间〉活性炭量〉真空度。综合考虑各方面因素,得出实验的最优方案为微波功率300W、辐照时间240s、活性炭量4g、真空度O．06MPa。还研究了活性炭多次吸附一再生后平衡吸附率和表面结构的变化。结果表明,微波和真空法对活性炭的表面结构影响不大,有利于活性炭的多次循环利用。综合比较真空再生法、真空和加热再生法、微波和真空再生法的再生效果,结果表明,微波和真空再生法稳定性较好。     

农药在土壤－水环境中归宿的主要支配因素──吸附和脱附

综述了近年来农药在土壤－水环境中吸附－脱附研究的实验方法、影响因素、数学描述、作用机理等方面的工作。重点讨论了农药与土壤粘土矿物、有机物（腐殖酸、富菲酸等）的物理化学键合机理。     

中空玻璃微珠/氮化硼填充硅橡胶复合材料的介电、导热和阻燃性能研究

为满足5G电子封装材料的性能需求,将一定量的改性中空玻璃微珠(f-HGM)和氮化硼(f-BN)添加进加成型液体硅橡胶中制备了低介电、高导热且阻燃的硅橡胶复合材料。测试结果表明,添加了10份f-HGM和15份f-BN的复合材料的介电常数为2.68,介电损耗为0.008 16,显著低于纯硅橡胶,热导率为0.518 W/m·K,是纯硅橡胶的2.25倍。此外,复合材料的热稳定性得到了提升,pHRR和THR分别下降了55.3%和37.7%。通过气相和凝聚相分析发现,复合材料的气相热解产物浓度大幅降低,残炭的致密性和连续性得到显著提升。     

介孔碳吸附再生组合工艺处理难降解有机磷废水

以自制介孔碳（MC）为吸附剂,采用吸附—电-臭氧-UV再生组合工艺将难降解有机磷三（2-羧乙基）膦（TCEP）富集后转化为磷酸盐释放,为后续磷回收提供基础。运用TEM,SEM,XRD等技术对MC进行了表征。表征结果显示,MC为碳纳米线堆积有序介孔结构,比表面积为699.76 m²/g,可为有机磷提供吸附位点。在吸附温度为298 K、TCEP初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为1 g/L的条件下,MC对TCEP的平衡吸附量为33.72 mg/g。利用电-臭氧-UV对MC进行再生,总磷释放率可达100%,并基本矿化为磷酸盐,再生效率显著高于臭氧、臭氧-H₂O₂、臭氧-UV等方法。     

烯胺活化羟乙基乙二胺吸收CO2的反应热

以羟乙基乙二胺（AEEA）为基础吸收剂,分别加入二乙烯三胺（DETA）、三乙烯四胺（TETA）、四乙烯五胺（TEPA）作为活化剂,探讨了不同烯胺体积分数和CO2负载量（吸收的CO2与活化吸收剂的摩尔比）对各烯胺活化的AEEA吸收剂CO2吸收热、解吸热、CO2脱除率的影响。综合对比结果,最优的活化吸收剂为AEEA+5%（φ）DETA,其最低CO2吸收热为63.0 kJ/mol（以每摩尔CO2计）,解吸热为82.5 kJ/mol,CO2脱除率为76.2%。     

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine running on biodiesel: a review

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine, also known as low heat rejection (LHR) engine have offered the promise of reducing heat rejection to the engine coolant and increase the combustion temperature which results in increase of thermal efficiency, decrease of fuel consumption and emission rate of the engine. Biodiesel derived from the vegetable oils are a promising alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The viscosity of vegetable oil after transestrification is still higher than that of diesel fuel. The various researchers have reported that the energy of the biodiesel could be released more efficiently with the concept of LHR engine. In the case of LHR engine running on different biodiesel blends, almost all experimental studies has predicted improved performance. This paper analyses and discussed the operating conditions under which the experimental studies are carried out and the factors which affect thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions in LHR engine.     

细水雾抑制18650型锂离子电池热失控实验研究

为研究细水雾灭火系统对18650型锂电池热失控的抑制效果,利用自设计实验平台进行抑爆实验,对比初爆与燃爆两个关键点及有无外部热源的温度变化图。研究表明,细水雾能够明显抑制18650型锂电池热失控,但施加细水雾的时间点对抑制效果影响较大,初爆后施加细水雾能够有效抑制,在燃爆后施加细水雾10s内温度降低200℃以上,但由于锂电池内部电解液复燃的特点,温度回升。温升速率的变化使得电池初爆的时间和温度分别提前了67.4%和44.4%,据此提出通过探测18650型锂电池初爆释放气体发现热失控发生并在最短时间内移除异常行为电池来控制电池热失控及其热量的异常传播。     

热效应对焦煤甲烷解吸迟滞特征的影响研究*

为揭示煤中甲烷气体的储运机制,选取井下煤样研究不同温度条件下甲烷气体的等温吸附解吸实验。基于Langmuir模型、等量吸附热计算模型和解吸迟滞系数对实验数据进行分析,研究煤中甲烷气体解吸迟滞现象的热力学特征。结果表明:随温度升高,Langmuir模型得到的吸附常数均呈下降趋势;甲烷解吸迟滞现象明显,迟滞程度随温度升高缓慢下降;受解吸迟滞效应影响,相邻温度区间内吸附曲线的等量吸附热较为相近,不同温度区间内解吸曲线的等量吸附热高于吸附曲线,差异显著;解吸迟滞现象影响煤层甲烷含量预测的准确性,并且解吸曲线的热力学特征规律性较差。     

Thermal hazards analysis of styrene in contact with impurities

Styrene is a reactive monomer commonly used to produce polystyrene and other copolymers. Unintended thermal runaway polymerization reactions of styrene keep reoccurring and have led to catastrophic consequences. One of the possible causes of these runaway incidents involves the contamination of the styrene monomer by incompatible species, which was not adequately investigated and documented. This study focuses on the quantification of thermal runaway hazards of styrene in contact with a series of contamination substances by adopting calorimetric analysis. Both Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool (ARSST) were employed to examine the exothermic characteristics of styrene mixed with contaminating substances at different concentration levels and mixing conditions. Key safety parameters of the exothermic reaction, such as the onset temperature, the overall heat release, the maximum self-heating rate, as well as the activation energy, were obtained. The results indicated that the thermal runaway polymerization of purified styrene was significantly altered by the presence of contaminant species. Water effectively retarded and quenched the runaway polymerization at a higher temperature range. Alkaline had no substantial effect on the thermal runaway characteristics. The presence of acid solution under both static contact and vigorous mixing condition significantly promoted the thermal polymerization of styrene. A trace amount of concentrated acid initiated violent exothermic activity even at room temperature; and the severity of the reaction was profoundly impacted by the mass-transfer. Our study demonstrates significant implications in the prevention of runaway incidents during transportation and storage of styrene.