3种四环素类抗生素在石油污染土壤上的吸附解吸

以OECD Guideline 106为基础,采用批量平衡方法研究了3种四环素类抗生素在不同石油污染程度土壤上的吸附和解吸作用,并探讨了土壤中此类抗生素与石油污染物形成的复合污染环境行为.结果表明,3种四环素类抗生素在高石油污染和低石油污染土壤上的吸附和解吸均不同程度地偏离线性模型,其中Freundlich模型对吸附和解吸数据具有良好的非线性拟合性(P四环素>金霉素,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01).对于同一种四环素类抗生素,石油污染土壤的不同程度并未对抗生素的吸附容量、吸附强度、吸附等温线形状、吸附机理以及解吸滞后性产生显著影响.因此四环素类抗生素进入石油污染土壤将加重土壤污染的程度和复杂性.     

潮土中阿特拉津解吸滞后特征

采用批量动态实验方法,研究了阿特拉津初始浓度与解吸时间对潮土中阿特拉津解吸滞后特征的影响.结果表明:土壤溶液中阿特拉津的浓度随其解吸时间的增加而逐渐下降,二者间可用经验指数公式表达.阿特拉津连续解吸5d后,阿特拉津的初始浓度从50μg·L^-1增加到2 000μg·L^-1时,对应解吸率分别为23.1%、30.4%、33.0%、36.4%和38.5%.土壤吸附阿特拉津与对应土壤溶液中阿特拉津浓度关系可用传统和依时解吸等温线2种方式描述.无论传统还是依时解吸等温线都与吸附进行到168h的吸附等温线之间存在着解吸的滞后现象.传统和依时Freundlich解吸等温线参数能对吸附解吸等温线的滞后作用进行量化,滞后系数ω只适合传统解吸等温线的滞后量化,而滞后系数H和λ对2类解吸等温线都适用.     

低分子量有机酸影响可变电荷土壤吸附铜的机制

采用平衡实验法研究了水杨酸和邻苯二甲酸对砖红壤吸附铜的影响,并通过吸附铜的解吸实验探讨了有机酸对铜吸附的影响机制.结果表明,有机酸可以增加土壤对铜的吸附量,与对照相比,有机酸体系中吸附的铜的解吸量高.有机酸对铜吸附的影响随体系pH值的增加而增大,约在pH4.3(水杨酸体系)或pH4.5(邻苯二甲酸体系)达最大,然后逐渐减小.土壤对有机酸的吸附量越高,有机酸对铜吸附的影响程度越大.有机酸可以通过形成表面三元络合物和改变土壤的表面电荷2种机制影响土壤对铜的吸附.水杨酸体系中铜的解吸增量与吸附增量的百分比在76%～89%之间,说明水杨酸主要是通过增加土壤表面的净负电荷量来增加铜的静电吸附量.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

湿地土壤对硝基苯的吸附-解吸作用

应用平衡法研究硝基苯在湿地土壤中的吸附-解吸特性.结果表明,湿地土壤对硝基苯具有较强的吸附能力,其吸附行为可以用Linear和Freundlich型吸附等温式描述,不同类型湿地土壤对硝基苯的吸附和解吸能力有所不同.将吸附常数Kf与湿地土壤的理化性质进行相关性分析表明,土壤有机质含量与硝基苯吸附系数显著相关(r=0.888,P<0.01,n=7),其中泥炭沼泽土表层有机质含量最高,其吸附系数也最大(86.44 mg·kg-1).硝基苯在湿地土壤中的吸附自由能变化量为10.68～13.45 kJ·mol-1,表明其吸附以物理吸附为主.不同类型湿地土壤对硝基苯的解吸能力也有一定的差别,其中草甸白浆土的解吸率最大(41.87%),泥炭沼泽土表层解吸率最小(11.79%).     

用于气相色谱分析的样品导入技术及其应用

综述了几种用于气相色谱分析的绿色环保型样品导入技术,如静态顶空技术、吹扫捕集技术、固相微萃取技术和热脱附技术的原理及应用情况,并对这几种方法进行了比较。     

深圳市宝安区环境空气有机污染现状研究

采用热脱附和气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究了深圳市宝安区环境空气中挥发性有机物的组成,从中鉴定出18种有机化合物,并通过对其中5种苯系物的定量分析结果,讨论了宝安区环境空气有机污染状况。     

Experimental hazardous risk investigation of energetic styphnic acid analytical reagent in calorimetric analysis

Analytical reagents identify and manage metal pollution, a major environmental issue. Regrettably, these compounds' safety concerns, especially when heated, have been neglected. This research examines the thermal hazard of the extremely reactive analytical reagent styphnic acid. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and accelerating rate calorimetry examined styphnic acid's thermodynamics. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss reactions starting at 127 °C and peaking at 208 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an endothermic peak at 176 °C. The accelerating rate calorimetry test showed that styphnic acid self-accelerates at 237 °C after 196.5 °C. Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose thermokinetic models calculated apparent activation energy from 131.677 to 155.718 kJ/mol. A nonlinear regression analysis showed that styphnic acid undergoes a two-step autocatalytic reaction during heat degradation. Thermal safety was assessed by measuring time to conversion limit, maximum rate, total energy release, self-accelerating decomposition temperature, and adiabatic temperature rise. Styphnic acid is less stable at higher temperatures and its thermal hazards depend on heating rate. The computed SADT was 109.04 °C, with alarm and control temperatures of 104.04 and 99.04 °C, respectively. The risk matrix analysis based on T_ad and TMR_ad suggests reducing thermal instability. This study on styphnic acid's thermal risks and safe storage and transit during analytical applications is beneficial.     

古商业街木结构建筑防火间距的数值模拟研究

古商业街木结构建筑较多,防火间距先天不足,发生火灾后蔓延迅速,有必要开展木结构建筑引燃特性研究以获得合理的防火间距设置参数.以古商业街为研究对象,以临界温度和热辐射强度作为着火建筑对面木结构建筑被引燃的判定指标,综合考虑环境风速、建筑间距、火源功率、喷淋系统等因素,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS分析系列火灾场景下的温度和...