广西大明山自然保护区两栖动物资源调查报告

2000年9月11日至26日，在广西省大明山自然保护区共采集鉴定两栖类动物66只(种)，共计9种，隶属1目，4科．结合以往的调查资料，目前已知大明山自然保护区有两栖动物动物22种，隶属1目，5科，9属．保护区内的两栖类多样性系数(H′)为1．21028，均匀度指数(J)为0．58202．     

Sorption of the natural endocrine disruptors,oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol in the aquatic environment

Adsorption of hydrophobic contaminants at the particle/water interface is one of the key processes controlling their fate in the aquatic environment. The sorption of the natural female hormones oestrone and 17-oestradiol has been studied under simulated riverine conditions. Both the kinetics and the effects of varying fundamental environmental parameters (e.g. sediment properties) on the thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient (K _p) have been studied in continuous and batch sorption experiments, respectively. Results showed that the sorption of oestrone and 17-oestradiol by sediment was relatively slow, reaching equilibrium in 50 days. In addition, relatively small adsorption of both oestrone and 17-oestradiol onto the sediment was observed, with K _p values between 200 and 250 mL g^–1. The comparable K _p values of the two compounds reflect their structural similarity. It can be concluded that the two endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17-oestradiol remain primarily in association with the aqueous phase.     

钙化合物对前生体生成二英类的阻滞作用

针对城市生活垃圾焚烧（MSWI）过程中二（口恶）英类的生成机制以及焚烧飞灰的组成,研究了MSWI飞灰中常见的钙化合物（CaO,Ca（OH）2,CaCl2,CaSO4及Ca（NO3）2）对前生体五氯酚（PCP）及六氯苯（HCB）生成二（口恶）英类的阻滞作用.结果表明,280℃下加热2 h,Ca（NO3）2,Ca（OH）2和CaO对PCP生成二（口恶）英类的总阻滞效率分别为93.7%,80.4%和98.9%,而CaCl2和CaSO4几乎没有效果.CaO对PCP和HCB混合物生成二（口恶）英类物质同样具有良好的阻滞效果.另外,探讨了上述钙化合物对PCP及HCB生成二（口恶）英类的阻滞作用机理.     

沙打旺与柳枝稷单、混播种苗期水分利用和根冠生长的比较

在室内生长箱内盆栽沙打旺和柳枝稷的苗期生长阶段进行高土壤水分 (黄绵土土壤田间持水量FC的 80 % )和低土壤水分 (5 0 ?)处理 ,比较二者单、混播种植下水分利用与根冠生长差异 ,以探讨黄土高原半干旱丘陵区牧草植物的合理种植方式 .结果表明 :在水分利用方面 ,低水处理下混播使沙打旺和柳枝稷叶片瞬时水分利用效率均较单播提高 ,低水处理后混播群体水分利用效率也显著比单播柳枝稷增大 .在根冠生长方面 ,混播促进了柳枝稷地上部分植株高度生长 ,并使地下部分分配比重增大 ,根系绝对长度缩短 ;混播后沙打旺的植株高度降低 ,根系绝对长度增加 ,但干物质分配比重减小 .低水处理后 ,沙打旺和柳枝稷混播下的根冠生长趋向于资源的充分合理利用 ,表现在混播群体的根系生长有利于充分利用土壤深层水和表层来水 ,混播后地上部分高度的生长特征变化利于对光的利用 .因此 ,在水分和养分条件相对较差坡地占较大比例的半干旱黄土丘陵地区 ,采用沙打旺和柳枝稷混播种植相比各自单播利于促进苗期生长与提高土壤水分利用率 .图 2表 2参 10     

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响，将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性，本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象，采用典型相关分析方法，研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明：影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率，树种多样性和林分密度；灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。     

生物膜法降解甲苯废气过程的探讨

采用陶粒为填料的生物滤池降解甲苯废气，并对清水试验和生物膜试验的结果进行分析，发现生物膜法降解甲苯这样的挥发性有机物（VOCs)具有良好的效果，已不再是清水试验中单纯的物理吸收过程，而是伴有生化反应的吸收过程，是以气膜控制为主的传质过程。     

A Bayesian network approach to modelling land-use decisions under environmental policy incentives in the Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACT

Deforestation driven by agricultural expansion is a major threat to the biodiversity of the Amazon Basin. Modelling how deforestation responds to environmental policy implementation has thus become a policy relevant scientific undertaking. However, empirical parameterization of land-use/cover change (LUCC) models is challenging due to the high complexity and uncertainty of land-use decisions. Bayesian Network (BN) modelling provides an effective framework to integrate various data sources including expert knowledge. In this study, we integrate remote sensing products with data from farm-household surveys and a decision game to model LUCC at the BR-163, in Brazil. Our ‘business as usual’ scenario indicates cumulative forest cover loss in the study region of 8,000 km² between 2014 and 2030, whereas ‘intensified law-enforcement’ would reduce cumulative deforestation to 1,600 km² over the same time interval. Our findings underline the importance of conservation law enforcement in modulating the impact of agricultural market incentives on land cover change.     

碱矿渣胶凝材料固化重金属污泥的研究

主要原材料为高炉矿渣的碱矿渣胶凝材料(HAS)、掺3%沸石的HAS、掺5%沸石的HAS、水泥等4种固化材料被用来固化人工合成含铅、镉、铬等重金属的污泥。污泥固化体中污泥与固化材的掺和比例为4:1。实验结果表明,HAS固化剂对重金属污泥的固化效果要好于水泥,其污泥固化体的无侧限抗压强度高于水泥固化体,同时其固化体的重金属浸出量明显低于水泥。沸石的掺入使HAS固化体的重金属浸出量减小,且随着沸石掺加量的增大,HAS固化体的重金属浸出量相应的减少。     

Different habitats, different habits? Response to foraging information in the parasitic wasp Venturia canescens

The parasitic wasp, Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), has two reproductive modes, namely, thelytoky or arrhenotoky, and occurs in habitats with highly variable or relatively stable host abundances, respectively. Since information processing is costly, we expected that information indicating resource availability would be mainly used by the thelytokous wasps and less so by the arrhenotokous type. This idea was explored by two different approaches. In a study on patch-time allocation, we used females from ten populations and measured patch-residence times of individuals that visited multiple patches at different encounter rates. In a more detailed approach, thelytokous and arrhenotokous females from a single location were observed continuously while foraging, and all behaviors were recorded. Wasps of both reproductive modes (i.e., both habitat types) used information for the assessment of habitat quality. However, the way that the information was used differed between them. Whereas thelytokous females used foraging information to maximize their efficiency at high patch-encounter rates, arrhenotokous females merely reduced the number of offspring produced without changing patch times. The behavior of the arrhenotokous females should result in a spreading of offspring across the habitat and, thus, reduced sib-mating. The foraging strategy of these wasps might therefore be an adaptation to reduce costs associated with inbreeding.     

"3S"在森林病虫害预警中的应用与展望

对“3S”技术在森林病虫害预警中的应用现状、作用进行了分析．运用3S技术,结合森林病虫害发生的特点,对可能引发的各种森林病虫害可以进行预警,指出了实现森林病虫害预警应解决的问题及应用前景。