IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR OPERATION OF A METROPOLITAN RESERVOIR SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: A deterministic dynamic programming optimization model with a refining sectioning search procedure is developed and implemented to find least cost withdrawal and release patterns for water supple from a multiple reservoir system serving a metropolitan area. Applications are made to teh four reservoir system operated by the city of Dallas, Texas. A realistic cost structure, including nonlinear power consumption, block rate unit power costs, and flow dependent power consumption for intracity water distribution, is utilized. Applications are made to find least cost operating patterns and, as well, by inclusion of a water loss penalty function, supply patterns which will reduce evaporation water losses for the Dallas system.     

LEAF LITTER BREAKDOWN IN A RECENTLY IMPOUNDED RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The impoundment of Richard B. Russell Lake resulted in the inundation of 3490 ha of forested area or 33 percent of the total area of the lake. Estimates of the total inundated leaf litter biomass were combined with a leaf litter decomposition study to determine the nutrient load and dissolved oxygen demand to the reservoir. Hickory leaf bags broke down most rapidly at the 3-m and 28-rn depths, followed by short-needle pine, white oak, a hardwood litter mixture, beech, and red oak. Leaf bags incubated at the 3-m depth exhibited significantly higher breakdown rates than those at the 28-m depth for most leaf types, due to differences in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Respiration rates of litter were also higher at the 3-m depth. Most leaf types accumulated nitrogen and phosphorus and lost organic carbon after an initial leaching period. Richard B. Russell Lake exhibited extensive anoxia and the buildup of total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during summer stratification. Leaf litter breakdown accounted for 64 percent of the organic carbon increase but acted as a sink for nitrogen and phosphorus. The dissolved oxygen demand of the litter accounted for over 50 percent of the demand incurred in the lake.     

RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL IMPACTS ON RECREATION,PROPERTY, AND NONUSER VALUES1

ABSTRACT: Wise interbasin management of Southeastern U.S. water resources is important for future development. Alabama‐Coosa‐Tallapoosa and Apalachicola‐Flint‐Chattahoochee River basins' water usage has evolved from power generation to multiple uses. Recreation and housing have become increasingly valuable components. Changing use patterns imply changing resource values. This study focused on six Alabama reservoirs, using contingent valuation questions in on‐site, telephone, and mail surveys to estimate impacts on lakefront property values, recreational expenditures, and preservation values for scenarios of permanent changes to reservoir water quantity. As summer full‐pool duration decreased, lakefront property value decreased, and as duration increased, property values increased, but at a lesser rate. Similar findings occurred for winter draw down alternatives. Permanent one‐foot reductions in summer full‐pool water levels resulted in a 4 to 15 percent decrease in lakefront property values. Recreational expenditures decreased 4 to 30 percent for each one‐foot lowering of reservoir water levels. Current nonusers of the six reservoirs showed strong preferences for protecting study reservoirs with willingness to pay values of 47 per household or approximately 29 million for the entire six‐reservoir watershed basin area. Resource management based on historic use patterns may be inappropriate and more frequent and comprehensive valuation of reservoir resources is needed.     

天津市地热资源开发及可持续利用研究

根据天津市地热资源勘探，开发和科研资料。对天津市地热资源的形成条件。热储类型和资源潜力分析评价。采用压力场和温度场藕合的三维有限元模拟方法，对热储动态进行预测，以此确定每眼井的年开采量，并逐步实行对井回灌开采。实现地热资源的可持续利用。     

暴雨后水库中铁、锰超标成因分析

以福建省某水库为例,对南方地区暴雨后水库中铁锰超标现象从外污染源、地下水、土壤、底质多方面进行了分析,找出了该类型水库中铁、锰超标的原因,并提出建议。     

网箱养鱼对简阳三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧影响的模型研究

本文依据湖泊、水库的箱式模型理论，建立了简阳三岔湖水库网箱养鱼总磷模型和容解氧模型。并利用这一模型对不同网养面积下三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧进行了模拟实验。结果指出：按照三岔湖１９９１年养鱼特征和水文特征，网养面积最好不超过４．４×１０４ｍ２，绝对不能超过６×１０４ｍ２。     

瑞士大坝应急管理特点及其对中国的启示

中国水库大坝应急管理存在应急管理责任体系不清晰,应急预案操作性差,预警设施不完备等突出问题,严重影响大坝应急管理。从应急体制、硬件设施、应急机制、应急预案等方面对比中国和瑞士两国大坝应急管理做法,找到了可供中国借鉴的瑞士经验,认为应当明确政府和水库管理单位在大坝应急管理中的职责划分,简化预案表达方式,加强预案审查审批,完善预警设施,加强宣传演练。     

尾矿库初期坝稳定性的合成孔径雷达干涉变形检测与流固耦合数值模拟分析

某尾矿库初期坝采用分段施工,可能产生不均匀沉降,影响坝体的稳定性。采用孔径雷达干涉技术对尾矿库初期坝进行了短期变形速率观测,得出坝体右侧的后期填筑区域整体上与主体仍能够基本保持同步沉降。建立了三维流固耦合模型,分析了尾矿库初期坝的静力稳定性和渗流稳定性,结果表明:初期坝体的水平位移和竖向位移都在安全范围之内,考虑水和尾砂的共同作用,后期堆积坝堆积至1765m高程时,坝体顶部和后期回填区域,存在小量位移变形,静态稳定性安全系数达到2.25,初期坝能够保持稳定。     

FOA优化GRNN网络的尾矿库安全预测

从尾矿库安全管理实际出发,针对尾矿库安全预测影响因素多、波动性大和非线性的特点,提出了果蝇算法优化广义回归神经网络的尾矿库安全预测模型。通过利用果蝇优化算法的全局寻优特性对广义回归神经网络进行参数优化,同时采用相关分析方法选取尾矿库安全评价指标,实现尾矿库的安全评价预测。以辽宁本溪南芬尾矿库为研究实例进行预测仿真,实验结果表明:相较于GRNN网络模型和BP网络模型,采用果蝇算法优化的GRNN模型预测精度更高,适用性更强,在尾矿库安全预测方面具有很大的实际应用价值。     

冬季水库水源中MIB和土嗅素的产生与降解机理

2-甲基异冰片(MIB) 和土嗅素(geosmin)由放线菌,真菌和蓝绿藻代谢产生,这两种物质是目前造成饮用水具有霉味和土味的主要原因.以包头市画匠水库为研究对象,运用推流式反应器基本模型和OriginPro 9.0线性拟合法,分析冬季水源水库水中MIB和土嗅素净产率与损失率;运用双膜理论计算嗅味物质挥发速率常数.结果表明,冬季画匠水库0.55m冰层下,透射光照强度(Surface PAR)为70 ~ 636W/m2,平均光照强度为114.8W/m2,存在合适藻类代谢产生异味物质的光照条件.封冻前后,水库水中MIB和土嗅素浓度逐渐增高,并以60~102ng/L的较高浓度水平维持到来年解冻,此后二者浓度逐渐降低到较低水平,呈规律性变化.曲线拟合结果显示,冬季画匠水库水中MIB/土嗅素的产生与减少均符合准一级反应动力学模型(R2为0.941~0.989).由于低温与冰层阻碍等原因,影响水库中MIB/土嗅素的损失主要因素是出流携带;冰层融化后,挥发和出流携带是MIB/土嗅素减少的主要原因.MIB和土嗅素冬季产生速率常数为4.119, 2.146ng/(L×d),水流携带损失速率常数为0.032d-1.冰层融化后,MIB产生速率为1.012ng/(L×d),损失速率为0.072d-1,藻细胞产率4.57×10-8ng/(L×d×cell);土嗅素产生速率常数为1.638ng/(L×d),损失速率为0.083d-1,藻细胞产率5.46×10-8ng/(L×d×cell).