三峡库区土壤中硒、碘、氟分布特征与规律研究

利用土壤表层样分析成果,研究了三峡库区土壤中硒、碘、氟等生命元素在不同土壤中的含量分布特征,探讨了不同地貌、植被覆盖条件下对其元素分布的影响,结果表明：三峡库区土壤的硒、碘含量较低,而氟含量较高,是低硒、低碘、高氟地区。地质背景是土壤硒、碘、氟的主要来源,灰岩分布区土壤中硒、碘、氟含量均高于其它类母岩分布区土壤,泥岩分布区硒、碘含量最低,砂岩分布区的氟含量最低。除受地质背景控制外,碘、氟还受土壤分布高程、植被等因素的影响。土壤分布高程越低,地形坡度越小,土壤中碘、氟含量越低。针叶林覆盖对土壤碘、氟起富集作用。土壤硒含量受其它因素的影响较土壤碘、氟小。     

Impulsive waves caused by subaerial landslides

This paper presents the experimental results of impulsive waves caused by subaerial landslides. A wide range of effective parameters are considered and studied by performing 120 laboratory tests. Considered slide masses are both rigid and deformable. The effects of bed slope angle, water depth, slide impact velocity, geometry, shape and deformation on impulse wave characteristics have been inspected. The impulse wave features such as amplitude, period and also energy conversation are studied. The effects of slide Froude number and deformation on energy conversation from slide into wave are also investigated. Based on laboratory measured data an empirical equation for impulse wave amplitude and period have been presented and successfully verified using available data of previous laboratory works.     

不确定性信息下河道型水库纳污能力计算初探

基于河流水文、水质条件等因素的实际变化,并在考虑了参量取值可信度的基础上,运用未确知数学理论对河道型水库闭闸期间滞流水体纳污能力计算问题进行了初步探讨.研究表明,依据未确知数学计算不确定性信息下水体纳污能力,理论上是可行的,计算结果是可信的.      

WATER SUPPLY EVALUATION OF TAIWAN'S SILICON VALLEY1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to examine a deficit in water for the Hsinchu area, the location of Taiwan's “Silicon Valley.” The methods suggested in this paper to diagnose water shortage problems are simple and practical. The results show that Hsinchu is in an area without sufficient water to meet demand for domestic and industrial uses. Until the completion of the Baoshan II Reservoir in 2006, the most feasible options for the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation to offset the water deficiency in Hsinchu City over the next five years are: (a) to obtain water gratuitously from the southern Yungheshan Reservoir; (b) to import additional water at an extra charge from other sources such as the northern Shihmen Reservoir and the agricultural sector; and (c) to conduct a comprehensive water conservation program at the Hsinchu Science‐based Industrial Park.     

RESERVOIR OPERATION ANI EVALUATION OF DOWNSTREAM FLOW AUGMENTATION1

ABSTRACT: Operation of a storage‐based reservoir modifies the downstream flow usually to a value higher than that of natural flow in dry season. This could be important for irrigation, water supply, or power production as it is like an additional downstream benefit without any additional investment. This study addresses the operation of two proposed reservoirs and the downstream flow augmentation at an irrigation project located at the outlet of the Gandaki River basin in Nepal. The optimal operating policies of the reservoirs were determined using a Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) model considering the maximization of power production. The modified flows downstream of the reservoirs were simulated by a simulation model using the optimal operating policy (for power maximization) and a synthetic long‐term inflow series. Comparing the existing flow (flow in river without reservoir operation) and the modified flow (flow after reservoir operation) at the irrigation project, the additional amount of flow was calculated. The reliability analysis indicated that the supply of irrigation could be increased by 25 to 100 percent of the existing supply over the dry season (January to April) with a reliability of more than 80 percent.     

水库调度和营养物消减关系的探讨

以北京密云水库为研究背景,研究和分析水库的水质分布特征,在此基础上研究水库调度与富营养物质消减之间的关系.并在对实际水质监测数据和模型模拟结果分析的基础上,提出了水库富营养化控制中的水库调度措施,即结合水库的防洪调度,采用底层放水的方式去除营养负荷.最后还分析该运行管理措施的可行性和应注意的几个问题.     

水库浅水区底泥营养物质释放与藻类生长关系研究

采用围格试验,通过对自然条件下的水库浅水区底泥及上覆水体的模拟,研究了水库浅水区底泥营养物质的释放规律及其与藻类生长的关系。结果表明:水库浅水区底泥营养物质在第10天开始释放,在第17天出现峰值,营养物质的释放会加速藻类的生长;改变底泥原始上覆水的水质条件,低浓度的原始上覆水可加速底泥营养物质的释放,同时藻类出现峰值的时间晚于高浓度的上覆水;雨季的到来可以加速底泥中P的释放,进而加速藻类的爆发,特别是绿藻爆发;藻类爆发前期,p H和溶解氧均会升高并出现峰值。     

同温混合初期主库区沉积物间隙水DOM的光谱特征——以周村水库为例

运用紫外-可见光谱技术以及结合平行因子分析法的三维荧光光谱（EEM-PARAFAC）技术,对周村水库秋末同温混合初期的沉积物间隙水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征进行分析.结果表明：周村水库沉积物间隙水DOM的紫外-可见吸收光谱并无明显特征峰,吸收系数的变异系数在50%~330%之间,表明其性质在不同深度上存在差异;E2/E3、E3/E4随深度增加,说明富里酸所占DOM的比例随沉积物深度增加而升高;三维荧光光谱中分离了4个组分,分别为类富里酸（C1、C2）、类蛋白（C3）和类腐殖酸（C4）;类蛋白（C3）与类腐殖酸（C4）具有显著的相关性（P<0.01,R=0.905）;DOM总荧光强度以及各组分荧光强度随着沉积物深度的增加均呈下降趋势,但DOM中腐殖质所占比例随深度逐渐增加,各样点间各荧光组分的荧光强度与组分比例差异显著;水库沉积物间隙水的高FI（1.8~2.0）和BIX（>1.0）,以及低HIX（<4.0）的荧光特征指数,说明不同深度DOM的腐殖化程度低,均来源于微生物作用.     

某商场分散式排烟系统设计的探讨

以某大型综合性商场为例,运用建筑防火性能化设计理论和方法,对商场的排烟系统进行了分析计算,在数值模拟计算的基础上提出改进意见,并针对商场的不同部分的建筑结构特点给出不同的防排烟措施,以达到最佳的排烟效果.     

酸性矿山排水污染的水库水体酸化特征

矿业开发产生的酸性排水导致下游水体酸化,严重破坏水域生态平衡. 以受酸性矿山排水(Acid Mine Drainage,AMD)影响的水库水体为研究对象,通过对水库表层水、界面水和沉积物孔隙水中水质参数的变化进行分析,探讨水库水体酸化特征. 结果表明:表层水、界面水pH分别为3.22～3.38和2.70～3.02,水库上覆水体严重酸化,沿沉积物剖面向下酸化程度逐渐减弱;上游AMD在水库水体中存在自然净化过程,而表层沉积物可再次提高上覆水体酸度;沉积物孔隙水ρ(SO₄2-)极高(0.29～11.85 g/L)且在垂向剖面上变化波动较大,可能与沉积物中次生矿物的形成转化、季节及其他外界条件的变化有关.