Assessment of grate sag inlets in a residential area based on return period and clogging factor

Storm in-sag inlets, which typically have inflow capture efficiency of 100%, can violate the allowable water spread criterion of roadways, thus slowing the traffic movement and contributing to accidents. This is especially evident during severe storms of high return periods and when a storm sewer inlet of grate type is adopted, because it is subject to debris and trash clogging factors. In this study, the water spread on pavement for in-sag grates located in a residential area in Kuwait is analyzed in terms of return period and clogging factor. It is found that for a single grate inlet with a return period of 10 years, a clogging factor of 50% can lead to a water spread value exceeding the local design constraint assigned for residential areas, which is one traffic lane of 4m width. It is also shown that for in-sag locations, a double-grate inlet is more preferable than the single one, because the former tends to reduce the adverse hydraulic effect of total inflow on water spread width. The effect of clogging factor on a multiple-grate inlet located in sag is determined from a simple expression suggested in this study.     

燃机进气冷却技术探讨

燃机进气冷却技术是一种提高燃机发电机组在高温环境下出力的关键技术,研究、实践燃机进气冷却技术具有重要意义.探讨了大气温度影响燃机出力、效率的机理,介绍了燃机进气冷却应用的发展过程,并分析对比了燃机进气冷却的主要方式及主要优缺点,可对燃机进气冷却技术的工程应用提供参考.     

有机蒸气-空气分子扩散系数测定的影响因素分析

利用自行研发的气体扩散系数测试装置及测定方法,分别测定和分析了常温常压下,不同扩散管径、扩散距离、体系温度、气体进气方式及其流量、扩散时间等对气体扩散系数测定的影响情况。基于拟稳态扩散模型,得出气体扩散系数测定的合理条件：扩散距离为9~14 cm;吹气流量为0.22~0.33 m3·h-1;体系温度应低于液体沸点且不要太接近沸点;扩散时间根据液体挥发性情况,一般不小于12 h,具体以能够明显观测到测定前后液面高度差为基准;扩散管管径应在保证扩散管截面积较小、液面以上气体以单向自然扩散为主、液体蒸发速度相对较慢的范围内选取。研究结果确定了气体扩散系数测定的合理条件,对加深油气空间传质机理的认识以及确保扩散系数测定的准确度具有重要指导意义。     

滤筒除尘器不同进出口夹角对气流分布的影响

针对滤筒除尘器不同进出口夹角对除尘器内部流场的影响进行模拟研究。首先对除尘器进行适当简化和假设,建立起适合有限元计算的数值模型,通过流体力学分析软件Fluent对不同进出口夹角下的滤筒除尘器的气流分布进行模拟。根据模拟结果综合考虑,进出口夹角为180°时气流分布最均匀,除尘器内部流场最好。     

海绵型雨水口初期雨水截污能力优化研究

选用装配式选配截污型雨水口,以土工布、不锈钢筛网和5种不同填料作为过滤模块,配置人工模拟雨水用于试验,研究其在不同截污装置下对初期雨水中悬浮物（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH₄ ⁺-N）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）等污染物的去除效果,测试其对初期雨水径流污染的削减能力,并综合评价其在实际工程运用中的可行性与经济性。结果表明：在土工布、不锈钢筛网过滤模块中,土工布对SS有较好的去除效果,不锈钢筛网则需将孔径降至0.074 mm时才对SS有较明显的去除效果,但二者对COD、NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP的去除效果均较差;以高炉灰焦粒、活化沸石、椰壳生物炭、陶粒、活性炭作为滤料的5种过滤模块均能有效提高初期雨水中COD、NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP的去除效果;其中陶粒在达到理想的脱氮除磷效果的同时,也可实现较好的SS和COD去除效果,使用年限与其他过滤模块相差不大,且售价（5~13元/kg）略低于其他过滤模块。

     

潮汐河流着生藻类监测采样设计

以上海黄浦江上游的藻类群落在空间和时间上的分布格局为例，讨论了用于环境质量监控的着生藻类群落分析的采样设计，设计采用收集者曲线及多元分析技术。研究表明，黄浦江着生藻类监测的采样频率每年至少４次，冬季不宜取样，条件许可应在夏季增加采样频率；综合分析宜采用年度复合样方；文中所采用的格局研究原则，同样适用于其它生物类型的采样设计。     

Reintroduction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Dutch Wadden Sea; review of research and suggestions for management measures

Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Dutch Wadden Sea historically covered an area varying from 65–150 km² in the eulittoral as well as the sublittoral zones. At present, this area comprises less than 1 km² eulittoral eelgrass stands, with an associated decrease in habitat diversity. The causes for this decline are presumably connected with the ‘wasting disease’ and the closure of the former Zuiderzee in the early 1930s resulting in increased tidal range and increased currents. After a slight recovery of the eelgrass populations on the intertidal flats a definite decline started in the early 1970s, possibly connected to increased turbidity. The present water quality and turbidity do not negatively influence eelgrass growth up to a depth of at least 0.6m below Mean Sea Level. Based on mesocosm experiments and field experiments it is concluded that re-establishment of eelgrass should be possible in sheltered bays and on unexposed tidal flats. The most suitable depths for a reintroduction are those between 0 and 20–40 cm below mean sea level.     

外科手术室污染控制的数值模拟分析

就变化风速的送风口所产生的气流流型对外科手术室内的细菌浓度和人体热舒适的影响进行了数值模拟分析。研究表明,与通常采用的均匀风速的送风口相比,变化风速的送风口对于降低手术室工作区细菌浓度,防止病人手术切口及手术器械等被回风气流携带的浮游细菌再次感染,以及减少手术室的送风量等方面具有明显的优点。     

Reintroduction of eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) in the Dutch Wadden Sea; Review of research and suggestions for management measures

Eelgras (Zostera marina L.) in the Dutch Wadden Sea historically covered an area varying from 65–150 km² in the eulittoral as well as the sublittoral zones. At present, this area comprises less than 1 km² eulittoral eelgrass stands, with an associated decrease in habitat diversity. The causes for this decline are presumably connected with the ‘wasting disease’ and the closure of the former Zuiderzee in the early 1930s resulting in increased tidal range and increased currents. After a slight recovery of the eelgrass populations on the intertidal flats a definite decline started in the early 1970s, possibly connected to increased turbidity. The present water quality and turbidity do not negatively influence eelgrass growth up to a depth of at least 0.6m below Mean Sea Level. Based on mesocosm experiments and field experiments it is concluded that re-establishment of eelgrass should be possible in sheltered bays and on unexposed tidal falts. The most suitable depths for a reintroduction are those between 0 and 20–40 cm below mean sea level.