共同沟工艺及给排水设计的几点探讨

我国在工程设计中越来越多地采用共同沟工艺,但尚未有国家层面的标准化的相关规范,因此现阶段的工艺设计在给排水方面需参照国外及国内已兴建的共同管沟,尽可能全面地考虑工程设计中会碰到的问题,由此提出一些设计理念。     

纤维质燃料正向阴燃传播的数值分析

根据多孔固体燃料3步反应动力学机理,建立了2D非稳态纤维质材料水平填充床正向阴燃的数学模型。阴燃的化学动力过程包括燃料吸热热解、燃料放热氧化及焦炭的放热氧化3个过程。该模型既考虑了固-气之间的热交换,也考虑到了气体在多孔介质内的扩散系数的变化。辐射换热采用扩散近似的方式在模型中予以考虑。应用该模型,数值模拟了来流速度对阴燃速度及平均最高温度的影响,结果表明:阴燃传播速度与来流速度基本上呈线性关系,来流速度对阴燃最高温度影响不大。同时也模拟了燃料阴燃温度分布、燃烧过程中气体组分(O2,CO,CO2,H2O)及固体成分(燃料、焦炭和灰分)的变化过程。数值计算阴燃速度与实验速度基本吻合。     

含铁地下水取水构筑物进水面上的腐蚀与沉积

地下水取水构筑物早期报废的原因错综复杂,而含铁地下水取水构筑物的早期报废问题常常比一般情况更为突出,本文对含铁地下水取水构筑的进水面上的腐蚀与沉积问题进行了初步探讨,供分析研究。     

Net drift in an atypical estuary,Long Island Sound

Long Island Sound is an estuary with two-layered flow at the eastern opening to the ocean and a salinity gradient of about 5 parts per thousand between the eastern and western extremes. Tidal currents, wind-driven circulation, and river inflow and fresh water influx are investigated as factors affecting the net drift. Current measurements in eastern Long Island Sound indicate that the tidal circulation features that predominate there do not normally affect the net drift at the New Haven dump site. Drifter returns and a numerical model indicate that seasonal prevailing winds seem to be the primary cause of the net drift in central Long Island Sound.     

Salt marsh vegetation change in response to tidal restriction

Vegetation change in response to restriction of the normal tidal prism of six Connecticut salt marshes is documented. Tidal flow at the study sites was restricted with tide gates and associated causeways and dikes for purposes of flood protection, mosquito control, and/or salt hay farming. One study site has been under a regime of reduced tidal flow since colonial times, while the duration of restriction at the other sites ranges from less than ten years to several decades. The data indicate that with tidal restriction there is a substantial reduction in soil water salinity, lowering of the water table level, as well as a relative drop in the marsh surface elevation. These factors are considered to favor the establishment and spread ofPhragmites australis (common reed grass) and other less salt-tolerant species, with an attendant loss ofSpartina-dominated marsh. Based on detailed vegetation mapping of the study sites, a generalized scheme is presented to describe the sequence of vegetation change from typicalSpartina- toPhragmites-dominated marshes. The restoration of thesePhragmites systems is feasible following the reintroduction of tidal flow. At several sites dominated byPhragmites, tidal flow was reintroduced after two decades of continuous restriction, resulting in a marked reduction inPhragmites height and the reestablishment of typical salt marsh vegetation along creekbanks. It is suggested that large-scale restoration efforts be initiated in order that these degraded systems once again assume their roles within the salt marsh-estuarine ecosystem.     

深圳河综合整治的研讨

全文贯彻两个基本观点：１．深圳河虽是一条山间小河，却是一条感潮河流，河流进退，水位涨落，泥沙输出和沉积，均受制进入深圳湾的潮流。河流径流当然也是一个极重要的制约因素。治河也需治湾。要有一个河，湾综合整治方案。２．水质污染由香港排出大量饲养废水造成，特区生活污水加重了河流污染，现在氮，磷含量很高，也出现强度富营养化现象，治理污染源必须建立脱磷脱氮治理工程，达到污水排放标准。     

短舱进气道复合材料声衬声学特性试验研究

目的应用旋转声模态发生试验系统测试无缝复材声衬试验件的传递损失声学特性。方法根据短舱进气道声衬实际应用环境,采用整体环状成型工艺和无缝拼接技术,针对性地设计研制出复合材料制成的环形无缝进气道声衬。利用风扇旋转声模态发生试验系统开展基于旋转径向传声器阵列的管内声模态测试识别方法研究,并发展相应的模态测试装置。结果设计的无缝复材声衬在目标工况下降噪效果良好。结论基于旋转径向传声器阵列可同时识别径向和周向声模态,并显著减小所用传声器总数。     

The German Wadden Sea coast: reclamation and environmental protection

Why did the reclamation of tidal marshes along the German Wadden Sea coast continue until the 1990s while the country is known for its awareness of the need for environmental protection? A study of the recently adopted reclamation policy in Schleswig-Holstein indicates that since the 1960s, the primary objective of embankments along the coast has been for coastal defence. While focusing their attention on this policy from the late 1970s, environmentalists have been objecting against any reclamation projects. Their main argument has been the ecological richness of the tidal marshes and the negative effects of embankments on the Wadden Sea. During the 1990s, objections from environmentalists, together with the fruition of the Coastal Defence Plan, recent economic factors, new legislation and sea level rise have led to a gradual decline of reclamation projects along the German Wadden Sea coast.     

直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器排气管上部内流场的实验研究

使用五孔球探针对一种用于分离锅炉净化烟气中含尘液滴的直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器排气管上部的气相流场进行了实验测定。得到了这一区域的速度和静压分布。发现了排气管上部筒体中心存在强烈的内旋流;外层气体不断汇入内旋流,内旋流呈轴向加速运动;绝大部分气体不经过排气管外环形空间下行直接由排气管排出。主体段切向速度为Rankine组合涡。     

电除尘器进风箱的有限元分析

介绍了一种用有限元分析软件Ansys对电除尘器进风箱进行计算的方法,用该方法求解了进风箱工作条件下的应力应变.分析结果证明了应力和应变在进风箱上分布的不均匀性,为工程分析和优化设计提供了必需的数据.同时指出,该方法是一种对电除尘部件进行有限元分析的通用方法.