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961.
Katharina Rietig 《环境政策》2019,28(2):228-247
ABSTRACTEuropean climate policy faced increasing constraints during the economic and Eurozone crises (2008–2014). The European Commission subsequently refocused policymaking toward integrating climate objectives into other policy areas such as energy and the 2014–2020 European Union (EU) budget. The conditions for successful climate policy integration (CPI) are analyzed, focusing on the compatibility of key actors’ beliefs. In renewable energy policy, CPI was successful as long as the co-benefits and related policy-core beliefs of energy security, rural economic development and climate action coexisted harmoniously. Once conflict among these policy-core beliefs emerged during the biofuels controversy, CPI was weakened as actors with competing economy-focused beliefs controlled the decision-making process. The case of EU budget climate mainstreaming illustrates how actors can add climate objectives into legislation despite meaningful discussion being ‘crowded out’ by other priorities. The findings highlight the importance of low conflict between departments, compatible beliefs and policy priorities for successful CPI. 相似文献
962.
Diarmuid Torney 《环境政策》2019,28(6):1124-1144
ABSTRACTThe past decade has seen the introduction of framework climate change laws in several countries. The development of climate laws in two small European states, Ireland and Finland, both of which introduced national climate laws in 2015, are examined. Two questions are addressed. First, to what extent do later adopters of climate policy instruments draw on the examples of pioneering legislation? Second, how and why are pioneering climate policy instruments modified by later adopters? In both cases, the 2008 UK Climate Change Act was a source of inspiration in the early stages, particularly for civil society campaigns. Thereafter, domestic interests mobilised to remove from legislative proposals the most pioneering and ambitious parts of the UK model. The result, in both cases, was enactment of climate laws that resembled only very loosely the UK Climate Change Act. 相似文献
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965.
Akiko Furuno Hiroaki Terada Masamichi Chino Hiromi Yamazawa 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6989
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an emergency response system WSPEEDI to forecast long-range atmospheric dispersions of radionuclides discharged into the atmosphere. The latest version of WSPEEDI consists of an atmospheric dynamic model MM5 for calculating meteorological fields and a particle random-walk model for atmospheric dispersion. The performance of WSPEEDI was evaluated by data obtained from a field tracer experiment over Europe (ETEX) in this paper. The model validation was done with respect to the following points: (1) the dependence of model accuracy on the temporal and spatial resolutions of the meteorological fields and (2) the superiority of an atmospheric dynamic model over a mass-consistent wind model. Regarding (1), it was shown that the calculation accuracy of the new version with high temporal resolution was improved, especially at the edge of the plume. Moreover, although the increase in horizontal spatial resolution of the old version had no substantial effect on the model performance, increase in horizontal resolution of the new version contributed to the significant improvement of the calculation accuracy. These results showed that the dynamically calculated meteorological field with the spatial resolution of the meso-β–γ scale greatly improved calculation accuracy. 相似文献
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967.
A. K. Djien Liem Job A. van Zorge 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(1):46-56
Several countries have put much effort in dioxin research programmes with the aim to assess the risks of dioxin exposure,
to identify dioxin sources and to quantify their contribution to environmental emissions and human exposure. In this review,
the accent has been put on: sources of dioxins and their contribution to the total dioxin emissions, sources of human exposure
and their contribution to exposure and measures to reduce emission and exposure. The information from countries with existing
dioxin regulations is reviewed and compared. Uncertainties which hamper comparability of data are indicated. Results of measures
and expectations for the near future are presented. 相似文献
968.
Amanda H. Korstjens Ingrid Lugo Verhoeckx Robin I. M. Dunbar 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(5):683-694
An animal can only survive in a given habitat if it has enough time to find, process and digest food whilst avoiding predation. The time it has for food acquisition is affected by the vegetation and competition with conspecifics, which depends on aggregation tendencies. We used the relationships between time allocations, on the one hand, and climatic variables (as a proxy for habitat quality) and group size, on the other, to develop a model that predicts maximum ecologically tolerable group size at different locations for spider monkeys. Spider monkeys are particularly interesting because the social communities often split up into small units. Temperature variation and rainfall variation were the main determinants of time budgets. Community size and average annual rainfall determined party size. The model correctly predicted presence or absence of spider monkeys at 78–83% of 217 New World forest sites. Within the geographical range of the species, this time budget model predicted the presence of spider monkeys better than a model based directly on climate variables. Predicted community and party sizes were significantly larger at sites where spider monkeys are present than at sites where they are absent. As required by the model, predicted maximum community sizes were significantly larger than observed community sizes. Moving time showed a U-shaped relationship with party size, which suggests that moving time is the factor that keeps spider monkey communities from travelling together in a tight group. 相似文献
969.
随着经济的快速发展,无锡市水环境质量发生了很大的变化。由于在太湖、五里湖等湖泊周围大规模围湖造田,水域生态环境和原有水系格局被破坏,五里湖、梅梁湖水质恶化,每10年下降一个等级,太湖水质总体上呈现富营养化状态。水环境变化在一定程度上导致了地面沉降的发生,有的地区地下水位呈加速下降的趋势,有的地区已出现多个地下水位降落漏斗,后者面积达220km^2。应该加快区域供水建设步伐,调整工业结构,加强对水资源的管理和调控。 相似文献
970.
试论酸雨问题及控制对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文论述了酸雨的形成、分布特点、变化规律、危害及控制措施等问题. 相似文献