通榆河南段控制单元最大日负荷估算及分配研究

以通榆河南段控制单元为研究区,利用现有的平原感潮河网区水量模型、面源污染负荷统计模型和水环境容量模型,估算研究区2010年污染物最大日负荷总量（TMDL）,并进行负荷削减和分配研究。结果表明：研究区COD、氨氮（NH3-N）90％保证率（2004年）下的水环境容量分别为7．76万t,0．37万t;xCN2010年污染物入河量,COD、NH3-N的最大年负荷分别为1．99万t,0．28万t。在研究区涉及的各县市中,海安、姜堰、东台是负荷削减的重点区域;对于不同的污染源,城镇生活点源和农业面源是研究区污染物总量控制的关键。     

用过硫酸钾氧化—紫外分光光度法测定地表水中总氮的几个问题

通过对过硫酸钾溶解方式及储存时间的条件实验，表明，用过硫酸钾氧化一紫外分光光度法测定地表水中的总氮时，过硫酸钾氧化剂以自然溶解为好，存放时间以不超过３ｄ为为宜，还对影响总氮测定的准确度、精密度的实验因素进行了探讨。     

青岛市大气环境中颗粒物污染及防治对策

本文研究青岛市大气环境中颗粒物的污染状况及其发展趋势,并对污染原因进行了探索与分析.本文为青岛市大气环境中颗粒物污染防治,提供了科学的依据和有效的防治对策.     

环境样品保存过程中氮的转化规律

通过对环境样品保存过程中NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3-N及总氮的测定来研究水样中氮转化规律,找出三氯在一定条件下相互转化规律关系,提高环境样品中三个分析项目的分析准确性,正确反应环境样品中的真实情况。对于认识水体中氮的循环,防止水体污染,保护水域环境,充分利用开发水资源有着十分重要的意义。     

不同污染指示菌对河流的细菌学评价

以细菌学理论为依据，以湖南沅江常德江段水体为实例，说明了用《地表水环境质量标准》（GHZB 1－1999）中粪大肠菌群指标（FC）和《地面水环境质量标准》（GB 3838－88）中总大肠菌群指标（TC）分别评价河流水体的细菌学质量所存在的差异。     

总量控制与排污权交易

深入剖析了总量控制的含义和特点,分析了我国总量控制与排污权交易的关系,通过对比美国的排污权交易政策,讨论了实施总量控制和排污权交易的步骤和意义。     

Analysis and fate of acephate and its metabolite,methamidophos, in pepper and cucumber

Abstract

Levels of acephate (Orthene^R) and its principle metabolite, methamidophos, in/on greenhouse‐grown pepper and cucumber fruits and leaves in relation to the applied methamidophos were monitored. Dislodgeable and total residues of acephate and methamidophos were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and were confirmed by nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC‐NPD). The dissipation curves of the residues followed first‐order kinetics (R²> 0.96). Initial residues of acephate on fruits varied between pepper (15.12 ppm) and cucumber (2.16 ppm) . Total residues in fruits and leaves determined at intervals following application revealed the greater persistence of acephate on pepper fruits (half‐life [t_1/2] of 6 d) than on cucumber fruits (t_1/2 was 3.7 d) . T_1/2 values for the applied methamidophos were 4.7 and 5.3 d on pepper and cucumber fruits, respectively. Deacety‐lation of acephate (formation of its metabolite) was detectable 1 d following acephate treatment and reached a maximum of 2.05% of initial acephate residues 3 d after application on pepper fruits. On cucumber fruits, acephate metabolite reached a maximum of 2.12% one wk following application. No acephate residues were detected above the limit of detection of 0.001 ppm in pepper fruits 50 d following acephate application while its metabolite was detectable at that time (detectability limit was 0.0001 ppm).     

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.     

均匀设计优化试验条件-原子荧光法测定污泥中总砷

通过对试验条件进行优化,建立了一种改进的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中总砷的方法。采用了均匀设计〔U10*(108)〕与单因子试验相结合以研究和优化分析参数和条件。在优化的试验条件下进行总砷含量的测定,方法检出限为0.21 mg kg-1,线性范围为0.24-100μg L-1,加标回收率在91.0%-94.5%之间。测定11份有证土壤样品(浓度值10.7±0.8 mg kg-1)的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.6%。该方法经标准样品验证后,成功用于污泥实际样品的测定,并取得满意的结果。     

Monitoring total suspended solids by using nephelometry

Correlation curves were developed relating nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) with total suspended solids (TSS) for diked upland dredged material placement site effluents of three US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) maintenance dredging projects in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. The procedure was developed in an effort to ensure compliance with Maryland's 400 milligrams per liter (mg/l) TSS standard for COE dredging projects. Samples of the sediments to be dredged were collected and analyzed, correlating turbidity readings with TSS determined by standard gravimetric techniques. The correlation curves were provided to the COE inspectors to measure the effluent with a turbidity meter and to extract a TSS concentration from the correlation curve. Samples collected and analyzed after initiation of the dredging indicated that the correlation curves were an overestimate of the actual TSS concentrations of the effluent discharges. The procedure, endorsed by the State of Maryland, provided immediate on-site TSS analysis eliminating the previously encountered delays in obtaining gravimetric analysis of effluent discharges and potential contract management problems.