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151.
Makoto Nonomura 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):47-57
This paper describes how organic compounds and nitrogen compounds induce the formation of hydrogen cyanide during the distillation process. Hydrogen cyanide formation was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The formation scheme for hydrogen cyanide from organic compounds is proposed. 相似文献
152.
通过分析高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物的产生机理,探讨了湘钢1#高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物超标的主要原因,结合高炉煤气洗涤水处理氰化物的治理现状,提出了相应的治理对策. 相似文献
153.
Abstract Total organic carbon, humic substances, and the species of trace metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe) in six and seven phases, such as bioexchangeable (P1), skeletal (carbonates, P2), easily reducible (Fe and Mn oxides, P3), moderately reducible (crystalline Mn oxides, P4), organic matters with sulphides (P5), and detritus with minerals (P6) as well as organic with humic substances (PB4) and organic residues (PB6), were analyzed in sediments from the Taiwan Erhjin coastal (including river and estuarine) area, where places we found the copper pollution. Results indicate that higher percentages of P1 and P2 for copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and manganese in samples collected in March and September of 1990 were much higher than those in P3-P6. High percentages of chromium and iron in samples respectively collected in March and September of 1990 were found in P6. for the seven phase analysis, higher percentages of copper species in PB4 and PB6 as well as iron species in PB7 were observed. On the other hand, purified humic acid with the high contents of manganese and iron in humic acid as well as purified fulvic acids were generally found at the upstream stations; and low values at coastal stations. However, extremely high copper (as high as 1750μg g?1, dry weight in fulvic acid and 820μg g?1 in humic acid) and lead (821μg g?1 in humic acid) concentrations with relatively high manganese and iron concentrations were observed in humic substances from the station near the copper recycling area. Comparing the results obtained from the Antarctic Ocean sediments with those from the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal sediments, the human impacts on the latter are evaluated. 相似文献
154.
Total organic carbon, humic substances, and the species of trace metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe) in six and seven phases, such as bioexchangeable (P1), skeletal (carbonates, P2), easily reducible (Fe and Mn oxides, P3), moderately reducible (crystalline Mn oxides, P4), organic matters with sulphides (P5), and detritus with minerals (P6) as well as organic with humic substances (PB4) and organic residues (PB6), were analyzed in sediments from the Taiwan Erhjin coastal (including river and estuarine) area, where places we found the copper pollution. Results indicate that higher percentages of P1 and P2 for copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and manganese in samples collected in March and September of 1990 were much higher than those in P3-P6. High percentages of chromium and iron in samples respectively collected in March and September of 1990 were found in P6. for the seven phase analysis, higher percentages of copper species in PB4 and PB6 as well as iron species in PB7 were observed. On the other hand, purified humic acid with the high contents of manganese and iron in humic acid as well as purified fulvic acids were generally found at the upstream stations; and low values at coastal stations. However, extremely high copper (as high as 1750μg g-1, dry weight in fulvic acid and 820μg g-1 in humic acid) and lead (821μg g-1 in humic acid) concentrations with relatively high manganese and iron concentrations were observed in humic substances from the station near the copper recycling area. Comparing the results obtained from the Antarctic Ocean sediments with those from the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal sediments, the human impacts on the latter are evaluated. 相似文献
155.
George F. Antonious 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):377-399
Abstract Levels of acephate (OrtheneR) and its principle metabolite, methamidophos, in/on greenhouse‐grown pepper and cucumber fruits and leaves in relation to the applied methamidophos were monitored. Dislodgeable and total residues of acephate and methamidophos were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and were confirmed by nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC‐NPD). The dissipation curves of the residues followed first‐order kinetics (R2> 0.96). Initial residues of acephate on fruits varied between pepper (15.12 ppm) and cucumber (2.16 ppm) . Total residues in fruits and leaves determined at intervals following application revealed the greater persistence of acephate on pepper fruits (half‐life [t1/2] of 6 d) than on cucumber fruits (t1/2 was 3.7 d) . T1/2 values for the applied methamidophos were 4.7 and 5.3 d on pepper and cucumber fruits, respectively. Deacety‐lation of acephate (formation of its metabolite) was detectable 1 d following acephate treatment and reached a maximum of 2.05% of initial acephate residues 3 d after application on pepper fruits. On cucumber fruits, acephate metabolite reached a maximum of 2.12% one wk following application. No acephate residues were detected above the limit of detection of 0.001 ppm in pepper fruits 50 d following acephate application while its metabolite was detectable at that time (detectability limit was 0.0001 ppm). 相似文献
156.
Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG). The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp)acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
157.
大气污染物总量控制是从总体上来控制大气污染的一种方法,是改善区域大气环境质量的有效途径。通过回顾我国大气污染物减排现状,分析和比较了现有政策存在的问题与不足,剖析总量控制在我国环境保护中的实施现状和所起的作用,进而从技术强化、制度协调的角度提出相应对策建议,以实现环境容量资源的合理配置。 相似文献
158.
采用GB13201-91中的大气污染物总量控制方法总量计算公式,计算丹东市建成区环境空气SO2总量及污染状况。结果表明,整个采暖季全市SO2总量不需要削减,但低架源排放污染物较多,应进行削减。 相似文献
159.
通过对试验条件进行优化,建立了一种改进的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中总砷的方法。采用了均匀设计〔U10*(108)〕与单因子试验相结合以研究和优化分析参数和条件。在优化的试验条件下进行总砷含量的测定,方法检出限为0.21 mg kg-1,线性范围为0.24-100μg L-1,加标回收率在91.0%-94.5%之间。测定11份有证土壤样品(浓度值10.7±0.8 mg kg-1)的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.6%。该方法经标准样品验证后,成功用于污泥实际样品的测定,并取得满意的结果。 相似文献
160.
WenJun Zhang 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):717-730
The continuous growth of world population and the intensification of urbanization process create a challenge to environment
quality and sustainable development around the world. In this paper I tried to conduct a forecast analysis of near-future
urbanization related population growth worldwide, based on recent demographic trends. Such an analysis can provide important
insights into the prospects for changes in the size and composition of world population and in urbanization process. Optimal
polynomial functions were used to fit historical trajectories of population dynamics, and the detailed forecasts of the population
mainly over the period 2010–2030 were conducted and analyzed.
If the past pattern continues, world total population would increase to 7.94–8.33 billion in 2030 and the annual growth is
expected to continually decline in the forecast period. Global total population would stop increasing during the period 2050–2060
and would not exceed 9.5 billion in the future. The total population of Africa, Asia, Oceania, South America, North & Central
America would separately increase to 1.35–1.41, 4.86–5.65, 0.04–0.05, 0.44–0.45, and 0.71–0.72 billion in 2030. Europe’s total
population is forecast to decline to 0.64–0.67 billion in 2030.
World’s rural population is expected to grow to the maximum during the period 2015–2020 and would greatly decline after that
period. Global rural population would reach 3.12–3.41 billion in 2030. Rural population in Asia and Africa is estimated to
increase and achieve the maximum around 2025 and decline thereafter. For other regions, the rural population would continually
decline in the forecast period.
Urban population in the world would continually grow and reach 4.72–5.00 billion in 2030, an increase of 48.6–57.8%. However
the annual growth of urban population is expected to increase to the maximum (6.86 million/year) during the period 2020–2025
and then decline in the following years. Urban population is projected to continually grow in all regions excepting Europe.
Europe’s urban population is expected to decline in the period 2010–2030. Urbanization process worldwide, represented by the
ratio urban population versus total population (RUT) and the ratio rural population versus urban population, is expected to
continue during the period 2010–2030. The RUT of the world is projected to reach 0.5 before 2010 and would continue to increase
in the forecast period. Global RUT is estimated to reach 0.56 in 2030. However, the regional patterns of urbanization process
would be diverse. Europe’s RUT is estimated to continually decline in the forecast period and reach 0.68 in 2030. The RUT
for Africa and Caribbean would continually increase before 2030, while the RUTs for Asia and South America are estimated to
achieve their maximums around 2025 and decline in the following years. Oceania and North & Central America would thoroughly
realize urbanization (≈1) during the periods 2020–2025 and 2025–2030. The expansion of world population and urbanization will
continually exert a stronger stress to environment quality and sustainable development in a near future. However we may expect
this situation would start to change from mid-21st century after total population has achieved its maximum.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献