挥发酚和总氰化物在三种水质中测定方法的比对

本文采用连续流动注射法[1]和紫外分光光度法[2-3],分别对地表水、生活污水、工业废水三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物进行测定。实验结果表明:两种分析方法测定三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物结果基本一致,检出限、精密度、准确度、加标回收率均符合质量控制要求。连续流动注射法的自动化程度更高,操作更简便,可适用于多种水质挥发酚和总氰化物的分析。     

关于水污染物总量控制研究进展及问题分析

水污染物浓度控制和排放总量控制是水质达标管理的前提。本文将其和水污染物的总量控制发展进程相互结合,对实施应用和理论完善以及深入探讨等阶段的进展进行阐述,介绍污染物总量控制实施时的总量分配和入河控制等相关技术细节,得到总量控制的实施优点,最后明确控制污染物总量的具体意义。     

连续流动分析法测定水中总磷不确定度的评定

在实验室分析基础上对连续流动分析法测定水中总磷过程的不确定度进行评定。本文建立了数学模型,对不确定度来源进行了分析,并计算了不确定度分量、合成不确定度及扩展不确定度,最后给出了总磷测量结果的标准表示方法。     

Carbon productivity convergence club and its initial conditions: China’s construction industry

A three-stage method is proposed to study the convergence clubs for the dynamic total factor carbon productivity (DCP) and the initial conditions. The first stage is to measure the DCP that reflects the initial difference. The second stage is to identify the convergence club of DCP. The last stage is to examine the initial factors that may affect the formation of the convergence club. Construction industry data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 2005 to 2016 were adopted to conduct an empirical study. The empirical results showed that (1) the arithmetic mean value of China’s provincial DCP showed an upward trend and the standard deviation showed an expanding trend. (2) There are five convergence clubs, but 13 provinces failed to converge to any club. (3) The higher the degree of construction industry marketization in 2005, the greater the probability that the provinces belong to a club with higher DCP. To improve the DCP, the effective diffusion of low-carbon construction technologies and the market-oriented reform of state-owned construction companies should be promoted. The three-stage method can also be applied to study different industries in different countries or regions.     

铜、锌氰配合物在离子交换纤维上的扩散、吸附机理

运用Boyd液膜扩散公式和范山鹰等提出的扩散模型,考察了碱性溶液中铜、锌氰配合物在离子交换纤维上的扩散行为;通过分析吸附前后纤维上官能团的位置变化以及解吸前后纤维上元素含量的变化,研究铜、锌氰配合物在纤维上的吸附机理。实验结果表明,离子交换纤维对铜、锌配合物的吸附在反应初期,以液膜扩散为主控制步骤,反应后期,以空隙扩散为主控制步骤。并运用离子交换纤维在水溶液中具有类似胶体型物质的双电层结构解释了不同控制阶段吸附速率不同的原因,虽然各阶段吸附速率有所不同,但纤维对铜、锌氰配合物的吸附均为离子交换机制。     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮显色液的改进

对异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法测定水和废水中氰化物的方法进行了改进。在不改变其它步骤的前提下,以去离子水代替二甲基甲酰胺所配制的吡唑啉酮溶液及异烟酸溶液作为显色剂。试验结果表明,改进后的新方法精密度RSD〈5％,加标回收率为92．0％～105．0％,通过电镀废水和标准样品的比对试验表明,改进后的方法与标准方法对同一样品的测定结果无显著性差异,满足监测分析要求。     

Soil redistribution rate and its relationship with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen using Cs technique in a cultivated complex hillslope in western Iran

The spatial pattern of soil redistribution rate was investigated using cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) within a cultivated complex hillslope in western Iran. The relationship between soil redistribution rate and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pattern were studied using co-regionalization analysis. Ninety-one soil cores were sampled for ¹³⁷Cs, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon measurements. The simplified mass balance model estimated a gross erosion rate of 29.8 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and a net soil deposition rate of 21.8 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹; hence, a net soil loss rate of 8 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. This magnitude of soil erosion rate is higher than the acceptable rate in semiarid regions. Co-regionalization analysis and co-dispersive coefficients among the selected variables showed that only a small fraction of the variability in total nitrogen and soil organic carbon could be explained by soil redistribution and that the remaining might be the result of different management practices by local farmers.     

碱性过硫酸钾消解测定城市污泥中总氮

城市污水处理厂污泥经风干粉碎后，用碱性过硫酸钾溶液在高压器皿中于124℃消解，取上清液以紫外分光光度法测定总氮。对11个污泥样品测定，相对标准差≤1．5％精密度较好。并用L-谷氨酸标准物加入11个溶液样品中作回收试验，回收率在94％～107％之间，准确度亦较好。     

地表水污染物排放总量分配方法

本文依据容量总量控制和目标总量控制相结合。总量控制与浓度控制相结合,公平分配,水体自净容量合理利用等原则。以技术先进性、管理和经济可行性相统一为出发点,对水质功能区内水污染物允许负荷量,排污量允许排污量的分配方法进行探讨。     

Ag+-Cadion-Tx-100胶束增溶光度法测定废水中的氰化物

在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下,利用Ａｇ＋与Ｃａｄｉｏｎ的灵敏显色反应,建立了痕量氰化物的间接光度测定方法。该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于废水中痕量氰化物的测定。测定范围为０—１０μｇ／２５ｍｌ,其相对标准偏差小于９．０％。