Effect of enhanced seat belt reminders on driver fatality risk

Objective

Enhanced seat belt reminders in automobiles have been shown to increase belt use rates by approximately 3 percentage points. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of enhanced seat belt reminders on driver fatality risk.

Method

Data included all passenger vehicle driver deaths and vehicle registration counts in the United States for calendar years 2000-2007. Driver fatality rates per vehicle registration per year were compared for otherwise identical vehicle models with and without enhanced seat belt reminders.

Results

Driver fatality rates were 6% lower for vehicles with enhanced seat belt reminders compared with vehicles without enhanced belt reminders. After adjusting for vehicle age differences, the estimated effect of enhanced belt reminders on driver fatality risk ranged from a 9% reduction for General Motors vehicles to a 2% increase for Honda vehicles. Combining all manufacturers, enhanced belt reminders reduced fatality risk by approximately 2%. Although not statistically significant, the 2% reduction in fatality risk agrees with what should be expected from a 3 percentage point increase in seat belt use rates.

Conclusions

Enhanced seat belt reminders have raised driver belt use rates and reduced fatality rates, but more aggressive systems may be needed for some drivers. It can be inferred that nonfatal injury rates also have been reduced.

Impact on Industry

Manufacturers should be encouraged to put enhanced seat belt reminders on all vehicles as soon as possible.     

治理噪声污染 保障人身健康

阐述氧气生产过程中噪声的产生及对人体的危害性,实施多种噪声防治措施,取得显著成效。     

滑雪场突发事件多点多类救援资源调度模型

为在滑雪场发生突发事件时,能够合理有效地调度多类资源进行多点救援,首先,利用目标规划法,建立考虑紧急程度、救援时间为固定值的多点多类救援资源调度模型;其次,在该模型基础上,建立救援时间为区间数的多点多类救援资源调度模型;最后,设计求解算法求解最优资源调度方案,并通过算例分析说明所建模型及其求解算法的有效性。结果表明:基于多事故点和多类资源的应急调度方案,因引入事故点紧急程度以及区间数形式的救援时间,能够克服调度的盲目性,优化救援方案并降低总体损失。     

提高交通安全——实现智能汽车的研究

主要介绍了通过智能汽车的研究,提高城市交通安全的必要性;综述了发达国家关于智能汽车研究的现状与趋势,并通过国外智能汽车发展的趋势;进一步论证智能汽车的研究是汽车工业发展的方向,也是提高交通安全的重要手段之一.此外,论文提出利用模式识别技术的智能汽车的结构框架;指出神经网络方法应用与模式识别技术结合的优势.最后,论文在阐述我国需要发展智能汽车的同时,提出应结合中国国情相应研究相关理论,为今后的实施奠定基础的近期目标,并提出展望.     

公路项目施工期环评要点分析

本文首先介绍公路项目施工期环评的现实意义,之后阐述公路项目施工期环评要点,以此强化公路项目施工期环评水平及其环保效益。     

纺织企业噪声职业危害风险评价及降噪措施

噪声是纺织业的主要职业危害之一。纺织企业生产车间的噪声不仅会影响到纺织生产的效率、工人的工作能力及安全,还会对纺织工人的健康造成危害,甚至导致职业病。以南方某纺织企业为研究对象,对其生产车间的噪声进行了调查测量,并采用职业病作业危害、职业接触风险评估二种评价方法,对该企业各生产工序的噪声职业危害进行风险评价,得出评价结论,从声源、声传播途径、个体防护及管理制度四个方面提出了降噪措施,以便更好地加强防治,预防减少噪声职业危害。     

钢厂热锯机噪声控制方案

某钢厂热锯机的工作噪声问题严重影响附近居民的日常生活，急需解决。根据其发声机理，通过采取对圆盘锯边缘开槽，安装吸隔声罩，对锯片增加阻尼材料，夹紧工件等措施取得了较好的降噪效果。     

The use of technology to address patterns of risk among teenage drivers

INTRODUCTION: The crash risk of teens is high, with fatal crash rates of teen drivers higher than any other age group. New approaches to reduce teen traffic fatalities are clearly needed. METHOD: A possible approach to reduce the incidence of teen driver crashes and fatalities is through the use of vehicle-based intelligent driver support systems. To be most effective, the system should address the behaviors associated with an overwhelming number of teen fatal crashes: speed, low seatbelt use, and alcohol impairment. In-vehicle technology also offers an opportunity to address the issue of inexperience through enforcement of certain Graduated Driver's License provisions. RESULTS: To fully understand the capability of such technologies, there should be a concerted effort to further their development, and human factors testing should take place to understand their effects on the driver. IMPACT: If successfully implemented, a Teen Driver Support System (TDSS), such as the one described here, could significantly decrease the number of teens killed in traffic crashes.     

风电场环境影响评价原则及评价重点研究

针对风电场环境影响评价的评价原则及评价重点进行了探讨性的研究。提出了风电场环境影响评价应以早期介入和避让措施优先为基本原则;对风电场环境影响评价重点进行了识别,并提出风电场选址的环境可行性分析是风电场环评的重中之重;风电项目建设对生态环境的影响及风机噪声、光影影响也是风电场环境影响评价的重点,并创造性的提出风机噪声光影联合防护区的概念,以期对风电场环境影响评价提供理论及技术参考依据。