氟啶虫胺腈在不同有机溶剂中的光化学降解

利用液质联用和气相色谱（HPLC-Mass和GC）,研究了氟啶虫胺腈在两种不同光源下于4种不同溶剂（正己烷、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮）中的光化学降解.结果表明,以氙灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为11.62、8.33、10.80h（正己烷）,5.30、5.81、7.05h（甲醇）,1.72、1.99、2.79h（乙腈）,83.49、37.46、64.77h（丙酮）.以紫外灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为5.29、4.25、5.49min（正己烷）,2.19、2.97、5.88min（甲醇）,0.86、1.99、1.13min（乙腈）,330、365、198min（丙酮）.氟啶虫胺腈的降解反应主要为还原、水解反应,影响其降解速率的主要因素是光源和溶剂的种类,氟啶虫胺腈的浓度对其降解速度也有一定影响.     

涡流澄清技术处理微污染水源水试验

针对微污染水源水的特点及自来水厂普遍存在的水质问题,利用华东交通大学研制开发的一体化微涡流澄清池对原水进行强化常规处理试验研究。试验结果表明,当一体化微涡流澄清池进水流量为8 m3/h,进水浊度为21.7 NTU,投药量为10 mg/L时,澄清出水浊度稳定在3 NTU以下,UV254的去除率为25%,高锰酸盐指数去除率为41%;保持其他工况条件不变,投药量增加至16 mg/L时,澄清出水浊度稳定在0.5 NTU左右,UV254的去除率提高至40%,高锰酸盐指数去除率提高至60%。通过FCD和Zeta电位仪监测发现,在一定范围内,随着投药量的增加,Zeta电位逐渐上升,絮体等效直径增大,出水浊度下降,UV254和高锰酸盐指数去除率升高。     

光催化/内电解协同处理分散蓝E-4R的研究

建立了微波无极紫外光催化氧化/内电解协同处理印染废水的新工艺。采用微波无极紫外光,以活性炭为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理分散蓝E-4R模拟废水。研究结果表明:协同工艺中主要是通过内电解过程产生的Fe3+捕获光电子来提高光催化作用的效率,而通过Fe2+催化H2O2形成光Fenton反应生成.OH的效应则较小。在曝气量为0.5 L/min、pH为5、铁屑投加量为40 g、染料初始浓度为50 mg/L时,分散蓝E-4R的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99.56%、68.45%。     

紫外有机物分析法在原水在线监测中的应用研究

比较了标准紫外分光光度法和紫外有机物分析法测定紫外吸光度的精密度,确定了紫外有机物分析仪测定的紫外吸光度SAC254值与有机物浓度参数UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC和DOC值之间的定量关系。试验结果表明,紫外有机物分析法具有操作、维护简单,无二次污染,实时响应快,精密度高等优点。原水SAC254值与标准方法测定的UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC以及DOC值之间都具有良好的相关性,可根据原水SAC254值的变化通过转换得到原水有机污染程度的变化趋势,为水厂工艺运行提供指导。     

耐候ABS材料研究

通过自然气候老化和紫外老化试验UV-B,研究了ABS塑料外观颜色、力学性能在老化实验过程中的变化.试验结果表明:光稳定剂的加入,ABS耐候性能提高,相较未加光稳定剂ABS体系,AE值下降,冲击保持率提高,受阻胺光稳定剂A和紫外光吸收剂B、C并用有协同作用,光屏蔽剂的使用可以提高耐候性,从而降低成本.此外我们讨论了自然气...     

UV/H2O2降解水中硝基酚及影响因素

UV H2 O2 氧化对硝基酚实验表明 ,H2 O2 光解产生·OH自由基是对硝基酚降解的直接原因 ,12min内 2 5mg L的对硝基酚去除率达到98%以上。溶液中TOC变化与对硝基酚的去除并不同步 ,说明对硝基酚的降解中生成了一系列的中间产物 ,然后再达到完全矿化的。体系中H2 O2 浓度变化显示产生的中间产物对H2 O2 光解没有明显影响。研究中还对对硝基酚起始质量浓度、H2 O2 浓度及pH影响进行了考察。研究认为UV H2 O2 是对硝基酚脱毒的一种有效方法     

影响总氮测定的关键因素研究

为了解决水质分析中总氮测定的实际问题,应用GB 11894—1989《碱性过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法》,从总氮测定方法的原理出发,探讨了影响总氮测定的关键因素。结果表明:在标准分析方法的基础上,要提高水样总氮分析的准确度,可采用50 mL优质比色管进行消解,选用优级纯的过硫酸钾,消解后的冷却时间需延长至2 h。     

Flow cytometric assessment of the effects of chlorine,chloramine, and UV on bacteria by using nucleic acid stains and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride

Flow cytometry (FCM) has been widely used in multi-parametric assessment of cells in various research fields, especially in environmental sciences. This study detected the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using an FCM method based on 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride (CTC); the accuracy of this method was enhanced by adding SYTO 9 and 10%R2A broth. The disinfection effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV were subsequently evaluated by FCM methods. Chlorine demonstrated stronger and faster destructive effects on cytomembrane than chloramine, and nucleic acids decomposed afterwards. The metabolic activity of the bacteria persisted after the cytomembranewas damaged as detected using CTC. Low-pressure (LP) UV or medium-pressure (MP) UV treatments exerted no significant effects on membrane permeability. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased with increasing UV dosage, and MP-UV was a stronger inhibitor of metabolic activity than LP-UV. Furthermore, the membrane of Gram-positive S. aureus was more resistant to chlorine/chloramine than that of Gram-negative E. coli. In addition, S. aureus showed higher resistance to UV irradiation than E. coli.

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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on skin structure and ultrastructure in Caspian Sea Salmon,Salmo trutta caspius,during alevin stage

Ozone reduction enhances the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the aquatic ecosystems, which can induce adverse effects on fish. In order to study the UV radiation effects on skin structure and ultrastructure, the alevins of Salmo trutta caspius were exposed to two different doses of UV radiation (low doses of: 60 µW cm^?2 UVC; 100 µW cm^?2 UVB; and 40 µW cm^?2 UVA and high doses of: 90 µW cm^?2 UVC; 130 µW cm^?2 UVB; and 50 µW cm^?2 UVA) for 15 min once a day in dark condition. Alevins with no exposure to either solar light or UV exposure served as the control group. No mortality was observed in the control group, whereas all of the alevins died in the 9th day in both UV exposure groups. Light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies showed significant reduction in the epidermis thickness, number of skin mucous cells, and percentage of mucus secreting cells in both UV exposure groups. Sunburn cells, lifting epidermis from basal membrane, and disappearance of pavement cell microridges were also observed. Our results showed that UV radiation caused intensive skin cell lesions in the Caspian salmon alevins. Since the skin cells of trout alevins possesses essential roles in respiration, osmoregulation, excretion and defense, the observed damages to the skin could be attributed to their sudden mortality in the UV exposure.     

响应面法优化O_3/H_2O_2/UV工艺降解1,2,4-三氯苯

研究了O3/H2O2/UV臭氧光催化工艺对水中TCB的降解效果,考察了TCB初始浓度、O3转化率、H2O2投加量及pH值对TCB降解效果的影响及其动力学分析,并通过响应面分析法对实验条件进行了优化组合.结果表明,O3/H2O2/UV对TCB的降解均遵循准一级反应动力学,其中条件优化组合后的反应动力学方程为y=0.0219x-0.0127,准一级反应速率常数为0.0219 min-1,所得线性相关系数为0.983.响应面分析结果表明,在TCB初始浓度0.3 mg.L-1、pH=10.1、H2O2投加量0.33 mmol.L-1、O3转化率99.75%的最优工艺组合条件下,TCB的3次平均去除率为94.2%,与预测值95.0%吻合度较高.