紫外光对几种水生植物过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响

通过测定被照射植物分解过氧化氢后放出氧气的体积,确定植物过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明,满江红,浮萍和水花生3种植物受过量紫外光不同时间照射,CAT活性都明显升高。但活性峰值因植物不同而异,即满江红的CAT峰值出现在被照射72h后;浮萍的CAT峰值出现在被照射24h后;水花生则出现在被照射8h后。撤除过量紫外光照射后,3种植物的CAT活性逐渐降低。说明过量紫外光对3种植物的CAT活性有刺激作用,同时又使植物体组织受到损害,最终导致植物的CAT活性降低,而且不同植物对过量紫外光的效应是不同的。     

响应面法优化UV/H_2O_2光氧化法处理高浓度LAS废水

采用响应面法对UV/H2O2光氧化法处理高浓度LAS废水的工艺参数进行了系统研究。根据Box-Behnken Design(BBD)设计原理,以初始pH与H2O2投加量、反应时间和温度为主要影响因素,设计4因素3水平共29个实验点的实验方案,并建立了二次响应面拟合模型。方差分析表明,初始pH与H2O2投加量、反应时间和温度以及初始pH和H2O2投加量、H2O2投加量和温度之间的交互作用,对实验结果具有显著性影响。实验得到的光氧化高浓度LAS废水最佳工艺条件,pH为4.0,H2O2投加量为40 mmol/L,反应时间为90 min,温度为25℃,在此条件下,LAS的平均去除率为98.1%。     

氟啶虫胺腈在不同有机溶剂中的光化学降解

利用液质联用和气相色谱（HPLC-Mass和GC）,研究了氟啶虫胺腈在两种不同光源下于4种不同溶剂（正己烷、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮）中的光化学降解.结果表明,以氙灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为11.62、8.33、10.80h（正己烷）,5.30、5.81、7.05h（甲醇）,1.72、1.99、2.79h（乙腈）,83.49、37.46、64.77h（丙酮）.以紫外灯为光源,1.0、5.0、20.0mg·L-1的氟啶虫胺腈在4种溶剂中的降解半衰期分别为5.29、4.25、5.49min（正己烷）,2.19、2.97、5.88min（甲醇）,0.86、1.99、1.13min（乙腈）,330、365、198min（丙酮）.氟啶虫胺腈的降解反应主要为还原、水解反应,影响其降解速率的主要因素是光源和溶剂的种类,氟啶虫胺腈的浓度对其降解速度也有一定影响.     

Males do not see only red: UV wavelengths and male territorial aggression in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Animal colour signals serve important functions in intraspecific interactions, including species recognition, mate choice and agonistic behaviour. An increasing interest concerns ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, for instance studies on the effect of UV in mating decisions. More recently, some studies also established that UV signals affect intrasexual interactions. We studied the role of UV during aggressive encounters between male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species in which UV has an effect on female and male mate choice and shoaling behaviour. To that aim, we compared the aggressive response of a territorial male to male intruders, either seen in UV-including (UV+) or UV-lacking (UV-) conditions. Our prediction was that, if UV wavelengths are used in male-male competition, a territorial male should show less competitive behaviour towards an intruder representing a lower threat, i.e. the one presented without UV light. Male sticklebacks showed significantly lower levels of aggression towards male opponents lacking an UV component to their coloration than male opponents possessing this colour component. Discrimination was not influenced by a difference in brightness between the UV+ and UV- stimuli. Finally, we present some reflectance-spectrophotometrical data of two skin regions (cheek and abdomen) of the experimental males and analysed relationships between colorimetric variables, body variables and behaviour. Our study emphasises that UV visual cues are of importance in different communicational tasks in the three-spined stickleback.     

UV协同ClO2去除三氯生及其降解产物的研究

采用UV/Cl O2工艺对三氯生(TCS)的去除进行了研究,考察了初始p H、Cl O2投加量、TCS初始浓度、腐殖酸(HA)在UV/Cl O2联用工艺中对TCS降解的影响.研究表明,UV/Cl O2工艺可以有效去除TCS且具有协同作用,光强为6.5μW·cm-2、Cl O2投加量为0.5 mg·L-1和TCS浓度为300μg·L-1时,单独UV和Cl O2在1 min内对TCS的去除分别为5.23%和84.93%,UV/Cl O2联用工艺TCS在1 min内去除可达到99.13%.实验范围内(p H 6~9)随着p H的增大TCS去除率从99.4%升到99.63%;增大Cl O2投加量可以提高TCS的去除,Cl O2投加量从0.5~1.5 mg·L-1时TCS去除率由98.1%提高到99.89%;TCS初始浓度与去除率呈负相关,初始浓度从100~500μg·L-1时TCS去除率由99.98%下降到94.39%;低浓度的腐殖酸有利于TCS的去除,高浓度的腐殖酸则相反.GC/MS对TCS的UV、Cl O2和UV/Cl O2的降解产物分析表明,TCS的主要降解产物包括2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,7-二氯代二苯并-对-二英(2,7-DCDD)等.     

Monitoring trihalomethanes in water by differential ultraviolet spectroscopy

Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy is a valid surrogate for monitoring the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Sodium thiosulphate is commonly used to remove disinfectant residual. However, it produces interferences with absorbance in the UV region. Relationship between trihalomethane (THM) formation and differential UV absorbance (−ΔA _λ ) was explored in the presence of sodium thiosulphate. Chlorination of two synthetic and five natural waters was carried out. Sodium thiosulphate showed high UV absorption at 254 nm. This effect can be overcome selecting a higher wavelength. Optimum wavelength varied being about 290 nm for fulvic acid and 300 nm for humic acid type natural organic matter. Correlation between THMs formation and −ΔA _λ was linear for all the analysed samples. Regression curves do not pass through zero indicating the existence of a threshold absorbance decreasment. Once it is surpassed THM release begins. Chlorination of surface waters showed that the presence of bromide significantly increases THMs vs. −ΔA _λ slope. Furthermore, slope decreased with the aromaticity–hydrophobicity of organic matter.     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2体系降解活性艳橙X-GN废水的研究

采用UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系光解活性艳橙X-GN模拟废水,考察了X-GN,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度、初始pH值及温度对光解的影响,探讨了X-GN的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在8W低压汞灯(λ＝254nm)照射下,UV/Fe3 /H2O2能够有效地降解X-GN,在pH=3.0,T=50 ℃,时间为120 min,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度分别为2.5×10-5 mol·l-1和1.5×10-4 mol·l-1时,对含200 mg·l-1 X-GN模拟废水的色度去除率和矿化率分别达到100%和90.15%.用IC和GC/MS对X-GN降解的中间产物和最终产物进行分析,推导出UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系中X-GN降解的途径和机理.     

紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中硫化物

对紫外分光光度法测定水和废话中硫化物的方法进行了研究,试验了稳定时间、干扰物质、碱溶液浓度对测定的影响,提出了最佳测定条件。该方法检测限为０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏为１．４％,加标回收率在９１．６％～１０１．９％之间。     

污水处理中紫外线消毒技术的研究进展

由于紫外线消毒有着传统液氯消毒无法比拟的优势，因此已经在污水处理中得到了广泛地应用。影响紫外线消毒效果的因素有很多，如紫外剂量、微生物种类、水质参数等。随着紫外线消毒技术的推广，出现了一些紫外线消毒与其他消毒工艺联用的消毒方法。     

黄磷诱发的臭氧与紫外光联合处理有机废水研究

主要通过对制药废水、毛纺厂废水和模拟邻氯苯酚废水进行POZONE和POZONE／UV法处理的研究，详细地考察了POZONE与POZONE／UV法处理废水的效果，特别是废水生化需氧量／化学需氧量(B／C)的变化。结果表明，POZONE法能在10min内将制药废水的CODCr去除35.6％，POZONE／UV法可以提高邻氯苯酚废水的B／C近3倍，POZONE／UV法处理毛纺废水的效果要优于POZONE法。