pH值与腐殖酸浓度对三氯生光降解的联合影响

三氯生是一种广泛添加于日用品中的广谱杀菌剂,在环境中频繁被检出。光降解是三氯生在地表环境中重要的转化途径。本文研究了p H值与腐殖酸浓度对三氯生光降解的联合影响,发现不同p H条件下,腐殖酸对三氯生光降解的影响呈现不同的规律。研究结果将有助于我们深刻理解天然水体中三氯生的光转化过程与潜在的生态风险。     

天山南坡库尔勒市大气对流层NO_2垂直柱浓度特征

基于地基多轴差分吸收光谱技术(Multi-axis different optical absorption spectroscopy,简称MAX-DOAS),分析位于天山南坡典型干旱区城市,库尔勒市大气对流层NO2垂直柱浓度(Vertical column densities简称VCD)分布、变化,以了解其变化规律和分布特点。研究表明:(1)库尔勒不同观测点对流层NO2VCD高低表现为,农田区新市区老城区,农田区NO2浓度最大达到3.40×1015molec/cm2。(2)市区观测点,新城区和老城区对流层NO2浓度变化趋势基本一致,呈现V和U字形变化趋势,早上和晚间浓度较高,中午浓度较低,市区浓度变化范围分别为1.91×1015~4.02×1015、0.22×1015~4.59×1015molec/cm2。(3)农田呈现出与市区不同的变化趋势,农田观测区中午之前浓度较低,中午之后NO2浓度呈现升高的趋势     

邦斯菲尔德油库火灾的扑救

2005年12月11日清晨6时左右,英国伦敦北部赫默尔亨普斯德镇的邦斯菲尔德油库发生火灾。此次大火持续燃烧60多h,直到13日晚才被扑灭。大火烧毁了邦斯菲尔德油库大型储油罐20余座,当时储油量为3500万L,包括汽油、柴油和航空燃料。参与现场救援的消防专家估计,这次火灾给英国带来的直接经济损失高达2.5亿英镑(相当于35亿元人民币),是英国和欧洲迄今遭遇的最大规模的火灾。这场大火发生在与我们相隔几千千米的欧洲大陆,这场劫难如今也早已成为过眼烟云,但拨开历史的灰烬,我们从中又能学到什么呢?邦斯菲尔德油库属于西方巨头道达尔公司和德士古…     

配对进近侧向位置误差QAR参数关联性分析

为研究配对飞机进近阶段飞行员操作和环境因素与侧向位置误差间的关联性,结合快速存取记录器(QAR)数据,基于飞机侧向位置修正过程,识别影响侧向位置误差的QAR参数;建立模糊关联模型,模型中运用模糊C均值(FCM)聚类方法将QAR参数的样本值聚类,得到每个参数的隶属度矩阵;结合Apriori算法,挖掘参数间及参数与侧向位置...     

气袋直接进样法测定丙烯腈

采用气袋直接进样法测定环境和污染源空气中的丙烯腈。结果表明:丙烯腈在0.4～99.5 mg/m3浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8。在低、中、高3个添加水平回收率为88.9%~100%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~4.7%,均能较好地满足实验室分析要求。     

串联毛细管柱气相色谱分析石脑油中微量甲基叔丁基醚

应用Agilent 6890 plus 气相色谱仪(配有FID),把一根50 m×0.25 mm×0.5 μm PEG-20M毛细管色谱柱和一根100 m×0.25 mm×0.5 μm HP-1毛细管色谱柱串接,使得甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)能和石脑油中其它组分完全分离,解决了石脑油中微量MTBE的测定难题.方法的标准偏差是0.20%,回收率为100%.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

改进磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定复混肥料中P_2O_5含量的称样过程研究

磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定复混肥料中有效磷含量的称样过程规定用滤纸包裹试样,滤纸原料来源于天然有机物体,其成分可能含有微量磷。测定过程中,滤纸会引入试剂误差。对去包裹称样法的可行性及其影响进行实验研究,结果表明,改进后称样法降低了实验误差,实验结果的准确度及精密度均可达到《复混肥料中有效磷的测定》(GB/T 8573-2010)的要求。     

基于“六位一体”模式的直接作业环节HSE管理

<正>现代化的企业不缺乏安全生产的规章制度、操作规程,关键在于能否严格遵守、认真落实这些规章制度。中国石化天津分公司化工部大芳烃车间在多年的实际工作中,不断总结和创新,逐渐建立了"六位一体"安全管理模式,它把相关的人员、责任进行了有机结合,为制度的实施创造了和谐的环境,为装置直接作业环节的安全提供了可靠的保证。