黄磷生产企业磷泥烧渣浸出毒性试验研究

以某黄磷企业磷泥烧渣为分析研究对象,对采集的黄磷烧渣样品采用《城市生活垃圾有机质的测定灼烧法》(CJ/T96-1999)测定样品的含水率和燃烧挥发分,按照《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法》(HJ/T299)进行浸出试验,并利用火焰原子吸收光度法分别测定了其浸出液中的铅、镉、铜、锌、铬和镍6种重金属,可见分光光度法测定砷。试验结果表明磷泥烧渣中7种重金属相对标准偏差在1.2%～5.3%之间,加标回收率在78.7%～106.6%之间,磷泥烧渣的浸出液中的危害成分浓度除了Cu离子不超标外,其余六种危害成分均超标,其中Cd离子超标189.7倍。     

双水相气浮浮选光度法测定污水中痕量土霉素

提出了一种亲水有机溶剂(乙醇、正丙醇、四氢呋喃等)气浮浮选(双水相气浮浮选)分离/富集光度法测定污水中痕量土霉素(OTC)的新型绿色高效分析方法。利用自制的浮选装置,选择四氢呋喃作溶剂,氯化钠作分相剂,氢氧化钠溶液调节酸度,将N(iⅡ)与OTC形成的疏水性缔合物浮选至有机相,浮选完毕后经分光光度法分析,线性范围为1.1×10-7～9.7×10-5mol/L,线性回归方程为A=2.038×105C(mol/L)+0.005,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为7.36×10-8mol/L,回收率为99.8%～100.4%,表观摩尔吸光率ε=2.038×105L/mol·cm,适用于污水中痕量土霉素的分离/富集及分析测定。     

钼-锑-抗分光光度法测定水中黄磷的方法探讨

针对《生活饮用水卫生规范》钼锑抗分光光度法测定黄磷方法中的标液配制、显色剂配制以及样品的预处理时间及终点提出了新的观点。通过实验证明,得到了满意的准确度和精密度,简化了实验步骤,快速、准确,使实验更易于操作。     

分光光度法快速测定废水COD的改进

利用HACH公司的45600型COD反应器，用自制药剂替代HACH的专用药剂，能满足日常废水监测分析的COD快速测定。该方法测定COD的稳定吸收波长为600nm，平行样相对标准偏差小于等于8．5％(n=5)，加标回收率为95％～106％，与标准方法相比无明显差异。     

Comparison of various sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assays of environmental cyanide

A simple approach was carried out to study the effects of various parameters on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performance of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) analysis in samples from some reservoirs and rivers in Taiwan under simulation conditions. Nature of column and its packing affected the instrument sensitivity. Varied column length indicated the longer column enhanced (C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) HPLC performance. Studies on mobile phase found that ratio and concentration of the mobile phase gradient greatly influenced the peak shape, retention time, and optimal conditions of mobile phase were set at acetonitrile and 0.01M ammonium acetate (30:70). Different compounds were added to mobile phase and their contribution to HPLC spectra was reported. Detection limits were carefully measured and reported. These investigations provide simple and important information that may be applied to HPLC performance for microcystin analysis from natural water systems.     

Spectrophotometry determination of Congo red in river water samples using nanosilver

A spectrophotometric procedure for the anionic diazo dye Congo red was proposed based on nanosilver catalyzed oxidation by potassium iodate in a hydrochloric acid medium. The calibration graph is linear for 0.8–240?mg?L^?1, and the detection limit is 0.6?mg?L^?1. Most foreign ions do not interfere with the determination, except for Cu(II), Fe(III), and Cr(VI). The interferences of Cu(II) and Fe(III) could be eliminated by masking with ethylene diamine tetraacetate, and that of Cr(VI) by reducing to Cr(III) with ascorbic acid. The typical features of this procedure are that it is sensitive for Congo red, and the determination could be carried out at room temperature. It had been used for the determination of Congo red in the Ganjnameh river water sample.     

微波消解光度法测定COD及综合效益分析

微波密闭消解水样(10mL)15min,然后用分光光度法测定消解液中Cr3+的浓度,通过作纯物质标准系列的重复实验,对其标准曲线的相关性、斜率、截距进行检验。通过实际水样进行应用可行性及综合效益分析,研究结果表明:微波消解光度法所测COD值与标准法测定值有很好的一致性,准确度较好;在单次测试中,本法测试成本约为标准法的50%,其潜在的二次污染比标准法低。因此,微波消解光度法具有良好的应用前景。     

分光光度法测定环境水样中铂的研究

研究了磺硝酚偶氮若丹宁(NSPAR)与铂的显色反应,在pH为2.5的氯乙酸—氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,吐温-80存在下,NSPAR与铂反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,络合物λmax=540nm,体系摩尔吸光系数?ˉ=6.94×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铂含量在0.05~2.0mg/L内符合比耳定律,本方法用于环境水样中铂含量的测定,结果满意。     

改进催化光度法测定水中的微量钒

采用改进催化光度法测定微量钒,即利用微量钒催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫溶液褪色实现快速测定水中的微量钒。在50mL容量瓶中,在pH为1.6的硫酸加入量0.90mL、0.0100mol/L的溴酸钾溶液加入量4.50mL、2.5×10-4mol/L的甲基紫溶液加入量5.00mL的条件下,聚乙二醇-200作活化剂时,在92℃恒温反应12min,加钒和不加钒溶液的吸光度之差与钒质量浓度呈线性关系。该法的测定波长为580nm,检出限为5.2×10-8g/L,最大相对标准偏差为4.3%,回收率为95.8%~104.0%。该法可用于湖水、化工厂排水中微量钒的直接测定。     

诱导动力学光度法测定废水中微量砷

依据As(Ⅲ)对Cr(Ⅵ)-Fe(phen)_3~(2+)氧化还原反应在酸性条件下的诱导作用,提出了一种测定微量砷的动力学方法.并建立了测定最佳条件:[Cr(Ⅵ)]=3.2×10~(-4)mol/L;[Fe~(2+)]=1.2×10~(-4)mol/L;[phen]/[Fe~(2+)=5.6;pH=1.2;512nm.线性范围为0-3.0μg/ml As(Ⅲ),方法检测限为0.01μg/ml.除S~(2-)外,多数常见离子均有较大允许共存量.用本法测定工业废水中的微量砷,所得结果满意.样品加标回收率为95.8％—103.3％,变异系数RSD<4.64％.