分光光度法测定底质总磷的方法探讨

在一定条件下,用硫酸和过氧化氢进行消解,使不溶性磷酸盐和有机磷转化为正磷酸盐,待测液与钼酸盐反应生成磷钼杂多酸,加入还原剂抗坏血酸后转变成蓝色络合物,进行比色测定。实验表明,该方法回收率为93．4％～99．7％,检出限为0．009mg／L,RSD为4．0％。方法简便、可靠,能满足环境监测底质总磷分析的需要。     

Catalytic determination of ultratrace chromium based on gallocyanine‐hydrogen peroxide indicator reaction

A highly sensitive catalytic procedure for the determination of ultratrace chromium(VI) was developed based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of gallocyanine by hydrogen peroxide in hexamine‐hydrochloric acid buffer solution. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the rate of change in the absorbance at 620 nm. The apparent active energy of the catalytic reaction is 6.84 kJ . mol^‐1. The calibration graph is linear for 0–150 ng.ml^‐1, and the detection limit is 0.8 ng.ml^‐1. Most foreign ions have no interfering effect on the determination of chromium(VI) except for Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺and Fe²⁺. The interference of Al³⁺ is eliminated by masking with F^‐, and those of Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ are eliminated by adding appropriate amount of EDTA. The present procedure had been used for the determination of trace chromium(VI) in lake water, mine water and electroplating wastewater, and the results were satisfactory.     

高浓度复合型聚铁硅絮凝剂PFSS和PSFS的形态分布研究

采用紫外分光光度法、逐时络合比色法和红外图谱从不同角度对高浓度聚合硫酸铁硅和聚合硅酸铁的形态分布及转化规律进行了探讨。紫外吸收表明，聚铁硅絮凝剂中主要以Fe（OH）2^＋、Fe2（OH）2^4＋等二聚体为主，而且还有三聚体或其他聚合形态的存在；逐时络合分析显示，复合型聚铁硅体系中硅形态以Si（c）为主，铁形态以Fe（a）和Fe（c）为主；红外图谱证实高浓度聚铁硅是以羟桥为主结构连接的高分子复合物，在1100cm^-1附近M-OH-M的振动证明有铁羟基及其聚合态存在，且其形态区别于PFS。     

TiO2纳米管的水热合成表征及其光催化性能研究

采用水热化学反应的方法制备了TiO2纳米管,并采用TEM、XRD等分析手段对TiO2纳米管的形貌和晶相进行了表征,对比了管与粉的光催化性能.结果表明,采用该方法制得的TiO2纳米管的管径小、管形均匀,TiO2纳米管的光催化性能明显高于TiO2纳米粉.     

南京北郊地区黑碳气溶胶对光解系数的影响

采用2018年6月以及2017年10月南京黑碳气溶胶（BC）垂直观测数据和Mie散射理论计算BC光学厚度（AOD_BC）,并将结果输入TUV辐射传输模型,探讨BC对光解系数J[O¹D]和J[NO₂]日变化及垂直变化的影响.结果表明,在地面,J[O¹D]和J[NO₂]日变化均呈单峰型分布,峰值在正午12：00,但BC对J[O¹D]和J[NO₂]的衰减作用正午时最小,在6：00和18：00左右较大,最大分别可达-13.7%和-19.0%.AOD_BC与光解系数呈非线性负相关,BC对光解系数的衰减能力随着AOD_BC增大而下降.当天顶角为0°时,光解系数对AOD_BC的变化最敏感.在边界层0~1km内,光解系数与高度呈线性正相关,这与紫外辐射密切相关,J[O¹D]和J[NO₂]在垂直高度上与紫外辐射的相关系数R均高达0.99.BC对光解系数的衰减程度随高度下降而增大,但幅度较小,距平的最大值仅0.1%.     

First in situ UV profile across the UTLS accompanied by ozone measurement over the Tibetan Plateau

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ozone can greatly affect human health and the Earth's ecological environment. By deploying a UV radiometer aboard a stratospheric balloon released at Qaidam (QDM) during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) period in 2019, we provided in situ measurement of the UV profiles from the surface to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), China, for the first time. Based on two in situ UV profiles accompanied by four ozonesonde measurements, this study exhibited detailed variations of downwelling UV and vertical ozone distributions over the TP during the ASM period. The UV differences between the surface and stratospheric balloon flight altitudes were 16.7, 15.8, 12.6 and 18.0 Wm^?2 during the four ozonesonde launches. Due to the diurnal variations in photochemical production and the stratosphere-troposphere exchange, the integrated ozone columns below 30 km ranged from 184.4 to 221.6 DU from four ozonesonde measurements. A positive correlation between UV attenuation and ozone column was exhibited under low cloud cover and clear sky conditions. The results of this study are expected to improve our understanding of UV and ozone properties, as well as their potential effects on terrestrial ecosystems and living environments over this significant plateau.     

紫外线消毒在污水处理中的应用

介绍了紫外线消毒的原理以及在污水处理中的优势和不足,阐述了紫外线消毒工艺的设计和维护方法,讨论了紫外消毒应用中的影响因素,并对紫外消毒在污水处理中的应用现状和前景进行了分析.     

硫酸-甲醛分光光度法测定废水中的联苯胺

本文拟定一种新的分光光度法分析废水中的联苯胺。水中的联苯胺经有机溶剂萃取后，与硫酸甲醛溶液反应，生成浅褐色溶液，直接进行分光光度测定。检测下限０２μｇ／ｍｌ，联苯胺浓度在０２～２μｇ／ｍｌ时显线性；回收率为９５６％。     

红外分光光度法测定烟道气中油烟的探讨

结合水体石油类监测分析方法在实际应用中的经验，对饮服业油烟进行监测，并提出几点看法。     

溴酸钾氧化氨基黑10B催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

研究了在磷酸介质中 ,痕量亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化氨基黑 1 0 B的催化褪色作用 ,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法 ,并探讨了动力学反应条件 ,方法的线性范围为 0～ 1μg/1 0 ml,检出限为 4.88× 1 0 - 9g/ml,用于地面水及雨水中亚硝酸根的测定 ,结果满意。