活性炭吸附紫外分光光度法测定油烟挥发组分

建立了用活性炭作吸附剂、脱芳烃石油醚萃取、紫外分光光度法测定油烟挥发组分的方法。取家用抽油烟杯内的油烟气冷凝液加热到200C的样品萃取液作标准油品,在225nm处测紫外吸光值,绘制校准曲线,相关系数在0．986～0．999之间。实验样品分析结果表明,脱芳烃石油醚对样品中油烟挥发组分萃取率可达90％以上,样品测定重现率达76．7％。红外光谱分析标准油品挥发组分初步认定为烃类、卤代烃类、醇酚醚类、醛酮类、羧酸及其衍生物类、稠环杂环类和胺类等。     

UV消毒法在水处理工艺中的应用前景

概述了水处理工艺中UV消毒法的应用近况、低压多灯UV消毒装置的优点及有待深入研究的若干问题。预期UV消毒法可能取代加氯消毒法、在水处理消毒工艺中得到广泛的应用推广。      

土壤中常见离子在紫外区的吸收特性──Ⅱ.高浓度离子溶液与低浓度混合

探讨不同离子浓度与不同无机溶液的混合对紫外光吸收的影响,结果表明,盐酸盐在较高浓度下吸收值迅速增大,吸收峰向红区移动,而硫酸盐在远紫区有一定程度的吸收,KH2PO4与NH4F接近无吸收。多数情况下,无机溶液对紫外光的吸收主要决定于阴离子类型,而与阳离子无关.不同类型溶液的混合基本不改变溶液的吸收特性,硝酸盐在低浓度下对紫外的吸收极为稳定,基本不受共存离子的干扰。0.01mol/LCuSO4与2mol/LKCI吸收峰与硝酸盐吸收峰重叠,但饱和CaSO4与硝酸盐吸收峰不重叠。     

土壤中常见离子在紫外区的吸收特Ⅰ.低浓度离子溶液

将分析纯物质配制成10μg/ml浓度,应用岛津UV-1601紫外分光光度计,在波长190~335nm内扫描溶液的吸收峰,结果表明,硝酸相盐物质在201nm处有一稳定的吸收峰,吸收值与浓度成良好的线性关系,相对于硝酸盐物质而言,亚硝酸钠吸收峰红移至210nm,CaSO4、SrCl2均呈现低吸收,但其吸收峰在<200nm的远紫外区,在该浓度下,NH4Cl、HCl和KCl均呈现低吸收,并集中在远紫外区,而KH2PO4和NH4F几乎没有吸收．     

Photocatalytic degradation of the dye sulforhodamine-B： A comparative study of different light sources

The photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant sulforhodamine-B （SRB） in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersions was examined under three lighting regimes： UV light （330 nm〈λ〈 380 nm）, sunlight, and visible light （λ〉450 nm）, all investigated at pH=2.5. Total organic carbon （TOC） and chemical oxygen demand （CODer） assays show that the degradation rate of SRB is much higher when irradiated with UV and sunlight compared with visible light. The temporal concentration changes of SRB illustrated a first-order reaction and the rate constant, k, is 0.197 min^-1, 0.152 min^-1, 0.027 min^-1, respectively, under the three lighting conditions. The final mineralized products were amine compounds identified by infrared spectrophotometry. When irradiated with visible light, the photocatalytic degradation rate could be improved by lowering the H2O2 concentration and inhibited by increasing the H2O2 concentration, but results contrary to the above were obtained when UV light was used for irradiation.     

分光光度法测定大气中的过氧化物

采用液氮冷冻法采集大气中的过氧化物,并用分光光度法测定其浓度.研究中对大气采样条件和样品测定条件进行了探讨,并将测定结果与高压液相色谱法的测定结果进行了对比.在野外大气监测中应用该方法测定了长江三角洲地区大气中过氧化物浓度及日变化规律.结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高,检测下限为7.92×10-8mol/L,可用于测定大气中的H2O2和有机过氧化物,是一种操作方便,易于推广的方法.     

改进国标方法检测海岸带水体铁的研究

为了更加准确地检测海岸带水体中的铁含量,将邻菲啰啉分光光度法测定水质铁(国标法)的方法进行了改进.在邻菲啰啉分光光度法的基础上,在pH调节方式、比色皿皿差和显色剂三个方面进行改进.结果表明,改进后方法的线性、准确度和精密度都优于国标法.但改变pH调节方式和扣除比色皿皿差后检测低浓度铁的水样的精密度依然较差(RSD>5%),说明邻菲啰啉的灵敏度较低.以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂用分光光度法检测水样时,方法的准确度和精密度较好(RSD<5%,加标回收率在96.0%~106%之间),该方法可以用于海岸带水体中铁的检测.     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率、截距参考值研究

通过近三年实验室采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线制作的一系列原始数据的收集,并通过数理统计方法对校准曲线、-余标准偏差、斜率扩展不确定度、截距扩展不确定度开展了详细讨论,得出亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率(b)参考范围为:0.019 1±0.00044,截距(a)参考值范围:0.003 3±0.005 0.此结果对实验室分析人员判定硫化物项目校准曲线制作是否合格具有一定的参考价值.     

分光光度法测定水质中亚硝酸盐氮浓度的不确定度分析研究

检测工作不确定度评定能力是实验室认可的一项基本要求。本文根据吸光度与待测试份中亚硝酸盐氮与相关物质反应生成的红色染料含量（浓度）成正比关系可以测定水质中亚硝酸盐氮含量的原理,使用分光光度法对水质中亚硝酸盐氮浓度进行测定,通过分析线性回归方程不确定度的产生原因、标准贮备液稀释成标准溶液后配制成不同浓度的标液系列所产生的测量不确定度、平行试验数据重复性引起及该方法使用过程可能产生的各种不确定度,建立相关数学模式,来计算分光光度法测定水质中亚硝酸盐氮浓度的标准不确定度及其扩展不确定度。     

Determination of thiocyanate in the vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater

In acidic solution, thiocyanate molecules reacted with ferric ions to produce red complexes. The concentration of thiocyanate could be determined by spectrophotometer. The effects of wavelength, volume of color reagent, acidity and color time on absorbance were investigated. The interferences of co-existing ion were discussed as well. Results showed that the relation between absorbance and the concentration of thiocyanate was in accord with Beer's law when the concentration of thiocyanate was 2–20 mg/L. The linear regression equation was Absorbance = 0.0523Concentration–0.0156, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The average recovery rates of two kinds of vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater were 100.95% and 99.62%, and relative standard deviations were 0.79% and 0.14% respectively. It shows that the method was quick, high precision, accurate and easy to handle.