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831.
首先概括了城市垃圾生态工程处理的基本方法与技术,然后通过对我同垃圾现状剖析,分析了垃圾生态工程处理在我国的应用前景。 相似文献
832.
Gullino S 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(6):2012-2019
This article explores the potential of a GIS-based approach to city management - Baltimore's CitiStat e-government program - for meeting the goals of sustainable urban regeneration. The argument advocated here builds on the widely held recognition that the application of ICTs in general can lead to both new forms of inclusion and exclusion of citizens. Therefore attending to the 'digital divide' is a relevant issue because cities are complex environments where outcomes of interventions are uncertain and widening participative arenas to different actors can increase the possibilities to regenerate declining urban areas in a more democratic way. 相似文献
833.
Zambrano L Contreras V Mazari-Hiriart M Zarco-Arista AE 《Environmental management》2009,43(2):249-263
Awareness of environmental heterogeneity in ecosystems is critical for management and conservation. We used the Xochimilco
freshwater system to describe the relationship between heterogeneity and human activities. This tropical aquatic ecosystem
south of Mexico City is comprised of a network of interconnected canals and lakes that are influenced by agricultural and
urban activities. Environmental heterogeneity was characterized by spatially extensive surveys within four regions of Xochimilco
during rainy and dry seasons over 2 years. These surveys revealed a heterogeneous system that was shallow (1.1 m, SD = 0.4 ),
warm (17°C, SD = 2.9), well oxygenated (5.0 mg l−1, SD = 3), turbid (45.7 NTU SD = 26.96), and extremely nutrient-rich (NO3–N = 15.9 mg l−1, SD=13.7; NH4–N = 2.88 mg l−1, SD = 4.24; and PO4–P = 8.3 mg l−1, SD = 2.4). Most of the variables were not significantly different between years, but did differ between seasons, suggesting
a dynamic system within a span of a year but with a high resilience over longer periods of time. Maps were produced using
interpolations to describe distributions of all variables. There was no correlation between individual variables and land
use. Consequently, we searched for relationships using all variables together by generating a combined water quality index.
Significant differences in the index were apparent among the four regions. Index values also differed within individual region
and individual water bodies (e.g., within canals), indicating that Xochimilco has high local heterogeneity. Using this index
on a map helped to relate water quality to human activities and provides a simple and clear tool for managers and policymakers. 相似文献
834.
Impact of land use and land cover changes on the ambient temperature in a middle scale city, Takamatsu, in Southwest Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atsuko Nonomura Mutsuko Kitahara Takuro Masuda 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3297-3304
There is a lack of information on urban heat island impact on the thermal environment due to low populated urban sprawl, although densely populated urban sprawl impact has been identified by several researchers. The Takamatsu area has recently developed in a low populated urban sprawl style without any increase in population. This paper examined the impact of a low populated urban sprawl on the thermal environment through an analysis of the last 30 years data set and investigated the contribution of vegetation fraction and population density to the temperature trend. As a consequence, it was shown that one of the most significant causative factors of temperature increase is an expansion of non-vegetated area even without population growth. This result implied that vegetated zones should be maintained in urban areas in order to realize sustainable urbanization. 相似文献
835.
Long-Term Effects of Changing Land Use Practices on Surface Water Quality in a Coastal River and Lagoonal Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meghan B. Rothenberger JoAnn M. Burkholder Cavell Brownie 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):505-523
The watershed of the Neuse River, a major tributary of the largest lagoonal estuary on the U.S. mainland, has sustained rapid
growth of human and swine populations. This study integrated a decade of available land cover and water quality data to examine
relationships between land use changes and surface water quality. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis was used to
characterize 26 subbasins throughout the watershed for changes in land use during 1992–2001, considering urban, agricultural
(cropland, animal as pasture, and densities of confined animal feed operations [CAFOs]), forested, grassland, and wetland
categories and numbers of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). GIS was also used together with longitudinal regression analysis
to identify specific land use characteristics that influenced surface water quality. Total phosphorus concentrations were
significantly higher during summer in subbasins with high densities of WWTPs and CAFOs. Nitrate was significantly higher during
winter in subbasins with high numbers of WWTPs, and organic nitrogen was higher in subbasins with higher agricultural coverage,
especially with high coverage of pastures fertilized with animal manure. Ammonium concentrations were elevated after high
precipitation. Overall, wastewater discharges in the upper, increasingly urbanized Neuse basin and intensive swine agriculture
in the lower basin have been the highest contributors of nitrogen and phosphorus to receiving surface waters. Although nonpoint
sources have been emphasized in the eutrophication of rivers and estuaries such as the Neuse, point sources continue to be
major nutrient contributors in watersheds sustaining increasing human population growth. The described correlation and regression
analyses represent a rapid, reliable method to relate land use patterns to water quality, and they can be adapted to watersheds
in any region. 相似文献
836.
Abu-Allaban M Lowenthal DH Gertler AW Labib M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):417-425
A source attribution study was performed to assess the contributions of specific pollutant source types to the observed particulate
matter (PM) levels in the greater Cairo Area using the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Three intensive ambient
monitoring studies were carried out during the period of February 21–March 3, 1999, October 27–November 27, 1999, and June
8–June 26, 2002. PM10, PM2.5, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured on a 24-h basis at six sampling stations during each of the intensive
periods. The six intensive measurement sites represented background levels, mobile source impacts, industrial impacts, and
residential exposure. Major contributors to PM10 included geological material, mobile source emissions, and open burning. PM2.5 tended to be dominated by mobile source emissions, open burning, and secondary species. This paper presents the results of
the PM10 and PM2.5, source contribution estimates. 相似文献
837.
The data collected from the five air quality monitoring stations established by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration
(TEPA) in Taipei City were analyzed to assess the changes in air quality. The analyses reveal that the air quality in Taipei
City improved over the last decade from 1994 to 2003, as evidenced by the significant downward trends of the various primary
air pollutant concentrations, such as CO, NOX, SO2, and PM10. An air pollution fee was collected by TEPA in 1995, and several air pollution control measures were likewise taken to improve
the air quality in Taiwan. However, although the extreme daily maximum O3 concentrations occurred more frequently in earlier years and showed a downward trend, its moderately high concentrations
increased annually in recent years. It implied that after the reduction of various primary pollutant concentrations, the effective
reduction of O3 pollution still remains an important issue. 相似文献
838.
The urban landscape is comprised of many land uses, none more intensively managed than turfgrass; however, quantification of nutrient losses from specific land uses within urban watersheds, specifically golf courses is limited. Nitrate (NO(3)-N) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) were measured on a golf course in Austin, TX, USA from April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2003. NO(3)-N and DRP concentrations measured in storm flow were significantly greater exiting the course compared to those entering the course. Significant differences were also measured in baseflow NO(3)-N concentrations. The measured loading from the course was 4.0kg NO(3)-Nha(-1)yr(-1) (11% of applied) and 0.66kg DRPha(-1)yr(-1) (8% of applied). The resulting concentrations contributed by the course were 1.2mgL(-1) NO(3)-N and 0.2mgL(-1) DRP. At these levels, NO(3)-N poses minimal environmental risk. However, the DRP concentration is twice the recommended level to guard against eutrophication. 相似文献
839.
Knowledge of the total concentration of heavy metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of urban soils.
For this reason, the determination of metal speciation is important to evaluate their environment and the mobilization capacity.
Sequential extraction technique proposed by the former European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to speciate Cd,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in urban soils from Guangzhou into four operationally defined fractions: HOAc extractable, reducible,
oxidizable, and residual. The Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn were predominately located in the residual fraction, Pb in the reducible
fraction, and Cd and Mn within the HOAc extractable fraction. The order of Cd in each fraction was generally HOAc extractable
> reducible > residual > oxidizable; Cu and Fe were residual > reducible > oxidizable > HOAc extractable; Mn was HOAc extractable
> residual > reducible > oxidizable; Ni and Zn were residual > reducible > HOAc extractable > oxidizable; and Pb was reducible
> residual > oxidizable > HOAc extractable. Cadmium was identified as being the most mobile of the elements, followed by Mn,
Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Fe. Iron–Mn oxides can play an important role in binding Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and in decreasing their
proportion associated with the residual fraction in the soils. With total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn increase,
these metals more easily release and may produce more negative effects on the urban environment. 相似文献
840.
结合实际,对城市规划中的环境保护措施进行研究,首先阐述城市规划的原则要求,其次在论述城市建设与环境保护内容的基础上,总结当前城市规划中环境保护的问题现状,最后,对提升城市规划环境保护的措施分析,可以给相关领域的研究者提供参考。 相似文献