Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb: Physiological and biochemical response

Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology. Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400?mg/L) in culture solution at 14?days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots. Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7?mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems, respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaCl-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.     

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin. To date, there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream. Moreover, little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) by the game theory. Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019. Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution, and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution. Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors. In terms of this study, an improved comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities, and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments. By contrast, water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation. The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data, but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators, whose results are relatively reasonable. All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.     

基于ARIMA和BP神经网络的猪舍氨气浓度预测

为了从源头减少生猪养殖过程中的氨气排放,降低猪舍氨气浓度,提出了基于ARIMA-BP神经网络的猪舍氨气浓度组合预测方法,分别从最优权重和残差优化角度对基于ARIMA-BP神经网络的组合预测方法进行了对比研究.将该预测方法应用于江苏省宜兴市某养猪场的氨气浓度预测中,预测结果表明：基于ARIMA-BP神经网络残差优化组合预测方法的预测精度最高,与BP神经网络、ARIMA预测方法和基于ARIMA-BP神经网络最优权重组合预测方法对比分析,评价指标MAE、MAPE和RMSE分别为0.0319、0.1580%和0.0365.本文提出的氨气预测方法可以为猪舍环境精准化调控管理提供科学依据以减小猪舍氨气排放对生态环境的污染.     

基于AHP-熵物元的地震安全社区应急管理评价

为提高建设地震安全社区减灾综合效益，解决我国地震频发造成的严重经济损失和人员伤亡，在发展尚未成熟的地震安全社区建设理念基础上探究其应急管理影响因素，从应急三阶段管理以及社会环境影响方面选取指标建立评价体系；引入AHP-熵权法和可拓物元数学理论，构建地震安全社区应急管理综合评价模型；应用该模型对大连地震安全社区进行实例验证，得出该社区应急管理等级以及应急全过程中不足之处，得到的评价结果与实际情况相符，表明多级可拓物元模型的定量计算结果准确可靠，对完善地震安全社区应急管理具有指导和实用价值。     

不同标准下外压筒体轻量化设计

LNG运输半挂车根据GB 1589-2016《汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值》的规定最大允许总质量不能超过40t,轻量化LNG运输车是今后市场发展方向之一。LNG运输车外筒体由于受外压作用,往往通过设置较多加强圈来防止其失稳。在材质、直径、壁厚、长度均相同条件下的外筒体,按GB/T150《压力容器》、JB 4732《钢制压力容器》、ASME B&P Code VIII-2等不同标准下进行失稳计算,同种规格角钢圈数量大不相同,按ASME B&P Code VIII-2标准计算得出的角钢圈数量最少,轻量化程度更高,更具有市场竞争力。     

An Australian perspective on rewilding

Rewilding is increasingly recognized as a conservation tool but is often context specific, which inhibits broad application. Rewilding in Australia seeks to enhance ecosystem function and promote self-sustaining ecosystems. An absence of large-bodied native herbivores means trophic rewilding in mainland Australia has focused on the restoration of functions provided by apex predators and small mammals. Because of the pervasive influence of introduced mesopredators, predator-proof fences, and establishment of populations on predator-free islands are common rewilding approaches. This sets Australian rewilding apart from most jurisdictions and provides globally relevant insights but presents challenges to restoring function to broader landscapes. Passive rewilding is of limited utility in arid zones. Although increasing habitat extent and quality in mesic coastal areas may work, it will likely be necessary to undertake active management. Because much of Australia's population is in urban areas, rewilding efforts must include urban areas to maximize effectiveness. Thus rewilding is not synonymous with wilderness and can occur over multiple scales. Rewilding efforts must recognize human effects on other species and benefit both nature and humans. Rewilding in Australia requires development of a shared vision and strategy and proof-of-concept projects to demonstrate the benefits. The repackaging of existing conservation activities as rewilding may confuse and undermine the success of rewilding programs and should be avoided. As elsewhere, rewilding in Australia should be viewed as an important conservation tool.     

内蒙古雷击人员伤亡特征及其致灾因素的熵权分析

为揭示内蒙古雷电灾害分布规律和成灾原因，基于内蒙古2009—2018年雷电灾害资料和2013—2018年地闪定位系统资料，运用数理统计、熵权法分析内蒙古地区雷击人员伤亡特征及其致灾因素的影响权重。结果表明:内蒙古近10 a平均每年发生雷击伤亡事故6.20起，全区每年每百万人中约有0.36个人因雷击伤亡；乌兰察布市和锡林郭勒盟每年每百万人的雷击伤亡人数最多，呼和浩特市每1 000 km2人员雷击伤亡率最高；每年雷击伤亡事故的86.58%集中在6—8月份；1 d中雷击死亡主要集中在下午13∶00—18∶00时段，占83.33%；雷击伤亡事故主要发生在农村牧区；雷击伤亡的年龄分布主要集中在40~69岁；雷击伤亡中男性所占比例高达70.73%；全区大约每7万个地闪中会有1次导致雷击伤亡事件，雷击伤亡与地闪频次在时间上有较好的相关性，雷电灾害致灾因子熵权显示高程、地闪强度较地闪密度和地形起伏度更易造成雷击人员伤亡。     

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol, concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography, and the effective pore size distribution (effective PSD) and effective molecular weight cut off (effective MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases the effective PSD and effective MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.     

甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)致癌性的综合评估

甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)被数家机构分类为可能的人类致癌物,其主要依据为动物实验发现对啮齿动物经灌胃暴露TDI后肿瘤发生率升高。基于研究结果的可靠性以及一致性,综合评估了现有研究数据是否支持这一分类。结果显示现有的流行病学数据不足以有力证明TDI为人类致癌物。动物实验研究表明,吸入接触TDI并不导致肿瘤发生。经灌胃暴露后观察到的肿瘤很可能是由于TDI转化为已知的啮齿动物致癌物甲苯二胺(TDA)所致。在TDI吸入暴露的体内实验中,当由TDI转化生成的TDA不能达到具有显著生物学效应的浓度时,TDI对啮齿动物或人类都没有遗传毒性。由于哺乳动物在生理性接触条件下TDI不能转变成TDA,所以对人类而言,TDI接触与致癌效应之间无直接的显著因果关系。因此虽然在如灌胃等非生理暴露的条件下,TDI可能的人类致癌物的分类是正确的,但本文对其致癌研究数据的合理评估和正确理解有助于将产品监管力度集中于与职业暴露更相关的有害健康效应上。