太原市蔬菜中铅、铬和镉含量分析及安全性评价

笔者采用原子吸收光谱法 ,测定了太原市蔬菜批发市场的 8种蔬菜 72个样品的铅、铬、镉含量。结果表明 :在检测的 8种蔬菜中 ,有 5种蔬菜出现铅含量超标 ,铅是蔬菜中的主要污染元素 ,且污染带有普遍性 ;铬的污染仅出现在芹菜和青菜上 ,其他 6种蔬菜均无超标 ;8种蔬菜均未受到镉的污染 ,合格率为 10 0 %。参照国家食品卫生标准和蔬菜质量分级标准 ,对蔬菜的重金属污染程度进行了安全性评价。在所检测的蔬菜样品中 ,只有青菜受到重金属污染 ,其综合污染指数为 1.12 ,污染程度为轻度污染。其他蔬菜的综合污染指数均低于 0 .7,污染程度均为安全 ,污染水平均为清洁。     

哈尔滨市蔬菜生产基地土壤重金属污染状况评价

根据对哈尔滨市所辖8区蔬菜生产基地土壤环境的调查和监测,利用土壤综合污染指数进行评价,哈尔滨市蔬菜生产基地土壤质量状况。     

沈阳市蔬菜生产基地重金属污染及评价

通过对沈阳市东陵区和于洪区的蔬菜生产基地的重金属污染调查与评价 ,表明两个地区均受到Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn四种重金属不同程度的污染 ,于洪区偏于中度、重度污染 ,东陵区大部分处于轻污染级。另外 ,土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cd有明显的逐年增加趋势 ,而且蔬菜大棚内土壤中的Pb、Cd含量明显高于棚外。     

蔬菜含锗（Ge）量的初探

研究发现，在普通蔬菜中亦不乏锗的存在。本文报导了１８个蔬菜品种可食部分的含锗量平均值为１．０３±０．４９ｍｇ／ｋｇ（以干物质计）。其含量因品种而异，也受土壤的影响。蔬菜含锗量相当于人参含锗量的４０％；蔬菜对土壤锗的富集系数在０．０５４０～１．１２之间；蔬菜中锗与其它１２种元素间无显著相关性。     

The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China

The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 μg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 μg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable–soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples. Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun’an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun’an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and “stacked soil” on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon, which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs.     

植物油脂废水处理工艺经济性分析

分析了植物油废水处理工艺，从工艺流程选择、预处理单元组合，絮凝剂优选、生物处理、污泥处理几方面讨论了提高植物油废水处理经济性的措施。     

基于GIS的南京市典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状与评价

对南京市八卦洲蔬菜基地土壤中的铅、铬、铜和镉进行测定分析,利用不同的评价标准来评价其环境质量状况,同时借助GIS软件研究了污染指数的空间分布状况,并解析了其重金属污染的来源.结果表明,以自然背景值为评价标准,则蔬菜地土壤中的重金属都超过污染指标,其中镉为首要污染因子;以国标二级为评价标准,则除镉以外的三种重金属的单项污染指数值全都小于1,但其综合污染指数迭1.50,总体上属轻污染状况.南京化工因区、南京长江二桥和各种农业生产活动等可能是主要污染源.     

降低蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的途径及其机制

蔬菜是一种喜硝,富氮的作物,所以蔬菜中硝酸盐含量较高。目前,由于偏施大量氮肥,造成蔬菜,特别是叶菜内硝酸盐含量大大超过健康标准。因此在保证高产的前提下,降低硝酸盐含量,提高品质,是迫切需要解决的问题。大量的研究表明,影响蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的因素既有内部的（品种等）,也有外部的（肥料,光照等）。本文对降低蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的途径及其机制作一综述。     

Safety issues related to the maintenance operations in a vegetable oil refinery: A case study

The present work was focused on maintenance hazards related to vegetable oil refining. An incident occurred in an Italian vegetable oil refinery was presented to evidence this safety criticality. The incident took place during a maintenance shut down, and was associated to the ignition of the solid residual in a packed column. No fatalities or injuries were reported, but the column was strongly damaged and removed from the plant. A specific experimental characterization of the solid residues accumulated in the column, sampled both from the damaged and undamaged parts of the column, was carried out in order to determine the conditions leading to unwanted combustion of the residues. At the same time, samples taken from the damaged column steelwork were subjected to metallurgical analysis aimed at the thermal and mechanical characterization of the steel, obtaining information about the incident duration and temperature reached during the combustion phenomenon. The study evidenced the need of adequate maintenance procedures and safety management in the generic framework of food industry, identified as key lessons learned.     

锐劲特在菜地生态系统中的残留动态研究

建立了青菜、土壤中锐劲特及其代谢物的气相色谱毛细管柱残留分析的方法。对锐劲特及其降解产物在菜地生态系统中的残留动态进行了研究,明确了锐劲特在青菜和土壤中的残留和消解情况,锐劲特在土壤中的降解半衰期为7．88d,在青菜中的降解半衰期为2．58d。