我国在用柴油车的技术改造与城市的环境保护

中国的柴油车发展起步较晚，技术较落后，能耗高，排污严重，影响着我国城市的大气环境。笔者对柴油车在城市生活中的重要地位，对在用柴油车的技术改造措施和城市环境保护的其他举措进行了研究探讨，提出了一些具体方案，如使用高效柴油添加剂或联合使用高效的柴油添加剂与层气净化器；由政府统一严格控制机动车辆排放标准；提高市政工程管理水平。     

北京市轻型汽车尾气排放检测结果分析

对北京市566辆在用轻型车排放尾气进行了BASM检测，对不同厂牌的化油器车、化油器改造车和电喷车排放的HC、CO和NO平均浓度进行了比较，结果表明，化油器改造车3种污染物平均浓度比化油器车低50％左右，电喷车3种污染物平均浓度可比化油器车低80％左右。同时对几种车型的劣化规律进行了分析，发现化油器车的劣化关系离散性大，而另外两种技术的车辆的劣化关系呈收敛性，说明化油器车的污染物排放和保养关系密切，电喷车劣化规律明显优于化油器车和化油器改造车。实验结果为I／M实施提供了科学依据。     

广州市在用汽车排气检测执行新标准的初步分析

在广州市机动车排气检测工作中，对在用汽车（指已上牌的汽车）在路检、抽检、复测和被举报冒黑烟车辆检测已经全面执行GB 18585-2005和GB 3847-2005国家新标准。文章对执行新标准实际工作中的技术问题和检测结果作了初步分析，并提出了相应的建议。     

浅析有机废气的治理

工业生产产生的气体统称为工业废气,有机废气在工业废气中属于常见物质,且占了很大的比例,其对环境的影响也是很明显的,因此近年来许多国家对有机废气加大了治理力度.本文在大量文献调研的基础上,概述了有机废气主要来源(石油和化工行业)、危害性、治理方式(吸收、吸附、热分解、焚烧和催化燃烧等).     

绿色机动车—燃料电池汽车

简要叙述了燃料电池汽车的技术特点，主要有：能量转化效率高，ＣＯ２排放量比内燃机汽车低，基本不产生有毒气体，不要充电。在此基础上较详细地介绍了世界各国的燃料电池汽车研究现状，并针对上海市机动车污染严重的现状，提出了发展燃料电池汽车及其相关产业的建议。     

Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in 2019 were 147.9, 25.3, 43.4, and 0.91 kton in Beijing, respectively. The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control. In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established, and emissions reductions were projected. The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants (CO, VOCs, NO_x, and PM_2.5) from vehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019, compared to their levels in 2009. The contribution of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019, which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved. Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions. With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles, it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.     

重庆城区机动车排放污染研究

通过调查研究首先弄清重庆城区主干道机动车排放污染的现状，算出机动车排污负荷在城区道路大气环境中的分担率，利用美国ＥＰＡ推荐的ＭＯＢＩＬＥＳ模型计算城区道路机动车排放的综合排放因子，由此估算重庆城区机动车排放总量并预测２００５、２０１０年的发展趋势。     

汽车排气净化催化剂三效性能的研究

本文对Ky系列催化剂处理汽车排气中CO,HC和NO_x的三效性能进行了研究,用CVS法测定排放污染物的重量和转化效率;通过行车60 000km,证明高温老化引起催化剂表面结构的改变,是导致催化剂活性下降的主要原因,新改进的催化剂有较好的热稳定性和三效性能。     

风浪流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型研究

船舶速度是船舶废气排放量计算的重要影响因子。为更加准确地测度船舶废气排放量,考虑海洋环境场对船舶速度的影响,分析了风、浪、流影响下的船舶运动,利用获取的实时风、浪、流信息对船舶AIS提供的航速进行修正,在此基础上建立了风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型,并介绍了船舶引擎功率的估算方法,以及排放因子和负荷因子的确定。最后,选取某散货船和客滚船的两个航次,分别采用传统模型和风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放计算模型进行计算,以CO2排放量反推油耗,并计算其与实际油耗的误差,结果表明,与传统模型计算结果相比,基于风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型得到的误差均有所减小,分别减小16.90%、18.60%、21.59%、21.94%,验证了模型的有效性。     

Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars: Utilisation of car air filters as active samplers

Filters in residential and office air conditioning(A/C) systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different pollutants.However,cabin air filters(CAFs) in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this purpose.In this study,we collected22 used CAFs from passenger cars in Hanoi,Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) and 10 organophosphate esters(OPEs).All the analytes were detected in more than 50% of samples with the exception of BDE153 and BDE154.The average concentrations of ∑_(10)OPEs and ∑_8 BDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g,respectively with Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate(TCIPP) and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups,respectively.CAFs are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals.