分光光度法测定大气颗粒物和柴油尾气中的砷含量

介绍了测定砷含量的分光光度法,该方法可以应用于大气颗粒物中的痕量砷的敏感性测定。测定、考察了北方城市大气中砷浓度及日变化规律,结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高。将此方法获得的结果与原子吸收法所得到的结果进行比较,两者高度吻合。进行了柴油机动车尾气中砷含量的测定,结果表明,其尾气中含有一定量的砷。     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.     

机动车尾气排放检测方法对比分析

通过怠速、双怠速法对机动车尾气检测试验和数据对比分析表明,不同车龄段的电喷型轿车采用怠速法检测尾气达标率在73.3%～93.5%之间;双怠速法检测尾气达标率在40.0%～82.6%之间.不同车龄段的化油器型轿车采用怠速法检测尾气达标率在25.0%～57.1%之间;双怠速法检测尾气达标率在18.8%～57.1%之间.指出双怠速法对化油器车辆尾气控制同样有效果,双怠速法对筛选高污染车辆比怠速法更严格和科学.     

Combustion performance and emission characteristics on HCCI engine of waste plastic pyrolysis oil biodiesel blends with external PFI and vaporiser

ABSTRACT

Analysis of plastic oil obtained from waste plastic through pyrolysis process, as an alternative to biodiesel is presented in this paper. The HCCI engine is considered for experimental validation of combustion performance and emission characteristics. To accumulate pyrolysis oil as fuel, the design modifications were made in external mixture formation on the existing computerised 4-stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection kirloskar diesel engine connected with eddy current dynamometer to satisfy HCCI conditions. HCCI engine can be worked on wide assortment of fuels beginning from diesel to different blends (WPPO 5%,10%,15% and 20% by volume) of biodiesel .The designed additional device connected to the engine is utilised for fuel vaporisation and mixture arrangement. In the experimental study, the combustion results were initiate to be of 39.69 % higher Rate of Heat Release (RoHR) for biodiesel HCCI as compared with diesel HCCI. Higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found 37 % without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at WPPO 20 % biodiesel blend. And also found 50 % and 65 % reduction in NOx emission and 18 % and 28 % reduction in smoke opacity are obtained for biodiesel vapour induction without EGR and biodiesel vapour induction with 15 % EGR as compared with diesel fuel. The CO (0.34 %), and UHC (2.15 %) emissions are increases with 15 % EGR, but the emissions are within the standard limits specified by the emissions standards.     

铀矿井排风口尾气对周边农田土壤放射性污染的预测

铀矿井尾气排风口周围土壤中放射性物质的累积性污染不容忽视,但目前处于监测和积累数据阶段.在对指数平滑法综合应用分析研究的基础上,根据某铀矿井排风口周边某一农田土壤中近10 a的铀(238U)质量比监测数据建立了指数平滑预测模型,对土壤放射性铀(238U)污染进行预测,并对预测结果进行了深入分析,精度达75%以上.预测结果表明,采用指数平滑法建立土壤放射性污染预测模型是可行的,具有一定的应用价值.铀矿井排风口尾气对周边土壤的放射性累积性污染呈逐年递增趋势,迫切需要采取一些切实可行的控制措施.     

汽车尾气排放与大气污染

随着汽车工业的迅猛发展,汽车在带给人们生活方便和快捷的同时,也给人类生存环境造成了污染。文章阐述了当前国内外汽车尾气排放污染现状,并详细介绍了汽车尾气中一氧化碳、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、碳氢化合物等有害物质以及所产生的臭气、噪声、二氧化碳等对环境及人体健康的危害。     

神农丹农药恶臭废气资源化治理研究

采用资源化治理方式,对神农丹农药废气进行治理研究,结果表明:选择安全环保的氧化剂,将具有恶臭气味的二甲基硫醚废气氧化成无臭的二甲基亚砜.通过对反应时间、物料配比、反应温度、铁屑催化的实验研究,优化了工艺条件,将二甲基硫醚彻底氧化为二甲基亚砜,使污染物变废为宝,并在华阳集团建成了治理装置,实现了资源化和无害化治理.     

车辆超限超载的危害性与治理对策研究

调研了我国公路超载的现状 ,分析了车辆超限超载对于损害公路和桥梁、危害交通安全、扰乱运输市场秩序、污染环境的危害性 ,探讨了超限超载屡禁不止的各种原因 ,指出了治理工作的艰巨性和复杂性 ;通过对美国、韩国、德国、日本、南非等国治理超限超载经验的研究 ,分析了超载中需要处理的几个重要关系 ,据此提出了我国应采取“广泛宣传、统一行动、多方合作、依法严管、把住源头、经济调节、短期治标、长期治本”的 8项对策。     

A research agenda for increasing safety belt use in the United States

On November 13-14, 2003, a symposium on high-visibility safety belt use enforcement in Raleigh, NC: (a) celebrated the 10th anniversary of North Carolina's Click It or Ticket program; (b) documented current knowledge regarding safety belt use; (c) proposed strategies to increase use further; and (d) discussed research to support these strategies.     

凹凸棒石粘土净化柴油机废气的研究

利用天然凹凸棒石粘土制备成的吸收液,用于柴油机废气的净化过程。柴油机废气在喷射反应器中经凹凸棒石粘土溶液吸收脱除其中的碳烟颗粒物及其它污染物质而净化。实验表明该吸收液具有胶体特性,对碳烟颗粒物有较强的亲合力。在实验条件下,废气中的碳烟脱除率可达71 .3% ,NOX 的脱除率为80 . 4 % ,HC和SO2 等有害气体的脱除率均高于90 % ,气体出口温度从2 0 0～2 5 0℃下降到约5 5℃,气相阻力为3 5kPa。