汽油机排气颗粒粒径分布特征试验研究

对汽油机排气中颗粒的数浓度和粒径分布特征进行了测试.在测试工况下,汽油机排气中的颗粒呈包含核模态粒子(10 nm＜DP＜50 nm)和积聚模态粒子(50 nm＜DP＜487 nm)的双峰分布,排气颗粒的总数和总质量浓度分别为4.2×105-7.9×106个·cm-3和0.02-0.27 mg·m-3.汽油机在开环控制状态下(车速不低于90 km·h-1时)的颗粒数量排放明显高于闭环控制状态(车速不高于70 km·h-1),总颗粒质量浓度随车速的增大显著增加.随车速增大,积聚模态粒子的平均粒径先减小后增大,核模态粒子的几何平均粒径先增大后减小,低车速时,有大量10-20 nm的核模态粒子生成.柴油机和汽油机排气颗粒中核模态粒子通常占有大的数量百分比,为75%-95%,而其质量百分比仅为5%-25%.汽油机的总颗粒、核模态粒子和积聚模态粒子的数量和质量排放均远低于柴油机.     

贵金属-稀土复合型催化剂的制备与性能研究

制备了净化车辆尾气的贵金属稀土复合型催化剂,对该催化剂进行了活性测试和结构表征.利用所制备的催化剂在摩托车上进行了性能研究.实验结果表明,采用催化剂后,可使车辆排放达到欧洲Ⅱ号标准,表明所研制的催化剂具有较好的应用价值.     

Experimental investigation into the oxidation reactivity, morphology and graphitization of soot particles from diesel/n-octanol mixtures

Aiming to investigate the impacts of n-octanol addition on the oxidation reactivity, morphology and graphitization of diesel exhaust particles, soot samples were collected from a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fueled with D100（neat diesel fuel）, DO15（85% diesel and 15% n-octanol, V/V） and DO30（70% diesel and 30% n-octanol, V/V）. All tests were conducted at two engine speeds of 1370 and 2150 r/min under a fixed torque of 125 N ·m. The soot properties were characterized by thermogravimet...     

Mutagenicity of diesel engine exhaust in the Ames / Salmonella assay using a direct exposure method

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mutagenic activity of diesel engine exhaust in the Ames/Salmonella assay using a direct aerosol exposure system. So, TA 98 and TA 100 strains, with or without added S9 mix, were exposed to diesel emissions after varying degrees of filtration. Variants of these two strains, deficient in nitroreductase (TA 98NR and TA 100NR) or over-expressing O-Acetyl Transferase (YG 1024 and YG 1029), were also exposed to total (unfiltered) diesel exhaust to highlight the putative mutagenicity of any nitro-PAHs present in these emissions. Mutagenic activity of the diesel exhaust was demonstrated on Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA 100 and variants TA 100 NR and YG1029. The use of a particle filter did not modify the genotoxicity of the diesel emissions, indicating a major contribution of the gas phase to the mutagenicity of these diesel emissions. The prominent role of the particulate-associated nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) claimed by some authors working on diesel exhaust organic extracts was not confirmed by our results with native diesel exhaust exposure. Our results show that the gas phase is potentially more mutagenic than the particles alone.     

MESIP∗: Modelling environmental scenarios in ponds

MESIP is a fugacity model which can predict the fate of organic hydrophobic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. In this paper a short introduction to the mathematical model is presented together with a more detailed listing of the required input data. Comparison of the calculated and measured fate of a fluorescent whitening compound in an artificial outdoor pond is shown     

Particulate and semivolatile associated aliphatic hydrocarbon exhaust emission from heavy duty diesel vehicles

The exhaust emissions from two heavy duty diesel vehicles running on eight different fuel compositions were investigated regarding their content of high molecular weight (≥ C₁₂) aliphatic/ olefinic hydrocarbons. It was concluded that the emitted amount of semi‐volatile associated aliphatic hydrocarbons (range C₁₂‐C₂₂) depend on the fuel used in the engines and that these emissions mainly consisted of uncombusted fuel components. It was also found that uncombusted engine lubrication oil was the main constituent of the emitted particulate associated aliphatic hydrocarbons (C₁₇‐C₄₀). These constituted between 58% and 95% of the total emissions of the high molecular weight aliphatic compounds. Emission factors for the total of high molecular aliphatic hydrocarbons (C₁₂‐C₄₀) were demonstrated to be in the range of 15–100 mg/km. Some individual aliphatic hydrocarbons with cocarcinogenic effects were identified and quantified in both particulate and semi‐volatile phases of the exhaust. Multivariate data analysis was used to investigate the relationship between fuel parameters and emission of semi‐volatile aliphatic emission.     

冶金行业环境污染物的特征与监测技术综述

冶金行业是国民经济重要的基础原材料工业,在其制造体系中大量的物质、产品流、废弃物、能量转换过程、多形式的排放过程都对环境造成不同层次和程度上的影响。针对不同工艺产生的污染物特征及主要污染物的种类,综述了环境监测运用的各类监测技术、监测方法,为环境管理、污染源控制、环境规划等提供科学依据。     

Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Diesel Combustion

Identification and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Diesel exhaust in the working environment and assessment of workers’ occupational exposure to these suspected human carcinogens were the aim of this experimental investigation.

The range of exposure factors calculated on the basis of 9 individual PAH concentrations determined in personal air samples shows that time-averaged concentration of these compounds did not exceed the Polish Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC) value for PAHs, that is, 2 μg·m^–3. The highest concentrations of PAHs were determined in the breathing zone of forklift operators. The maximum exposure factor was 0.427 μg·m^–3 (about 1/4 of MAC).     

轻型机动车尾气排放标准的比较

介绍了不同国家及地区的轻型机动车尾气排放标准,总结了不同标准中车辆类型的划分准则,比较了各标准严格程度的差异。解释了中国采用欧洲排放标准的必要性,阐述了提高排放标准对控制环境污染的重要作用,对未来相关政策的制定提出一些建议。     

城市轨道交通多层地下车站公共区排烟方案设计

随着城市轨道交通线网建设的发展,后建线路深埋将会加大,地下车站也将由原来常规的两层变为多层。车站深埋后对人员疏散和排烟系统提出了新的课题。在分析了地铁排烟系统设计与民用建筑的区别的基础上,研究提出了多层车站排烟系统设计及运行模式,包括站台、站厅及中间层的排烟系统方案及运行模式设计,可为同行提供参考。