GC/MS法测定黄浦江水中挥发性有机化合物

采用吹扫捕集装置与GC／MS联用仪的全自动恒流控制,对黄浦江7个断面水样中47种挥发性有机化合物进行了分析。结果表明,被查的47种挥发性有机化合物基本都有检出,其中甲苯、异丙苯的绝对检出量最高。四氯化碳的检出值也较高,吴淞口四氯化碳的平均浓度已经远远超过GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》,并且四氯化碳浓度在黄浦江流域各个断面的分布具有一定规律性。     

水中挥发酚的测量不确定度评定

建立了分光光度法测定水中挥发酚的合成标准不确定度的数学模式,它由质量的标准测量不确定度和体积的标准测量不确定度组成。应用一个实例对这两部分标准不确定度的分量作了详尽的分析和计算,得出测量扩展不确定度结果。     

滴流床催化湿式氧化苯酚的动力学

通过自行设计制作的滴流床反应器,研究了苯酚在以CuO/γ-Al₂O₃为催化剂的催化湿式氧化反应.结果表明,在相对温和的操作条件(温度180 ℃,压力3 MPa,液相流量1.668 L·h^-1,气相流量160 L·h^-1)下,苯酚的去除率均达到90%以上.苯酚的降解曲线与自催化反应的S型曲线类似,符合自由基链反应机理.所建立的活塞流拟均相反应器模型能很好地拟合苯酚催化湿式氧化反应过程.还研究了苯酚初始浓度、苯酚水溶液流量及反应温度对反应结果的影响.     

苯酚降解菌红球菌PNAN5菌株(Rhodococcus sp.strain PNAN5)的分离鉴定、降解特性及其开环双加氧酶性质研究

分离到一株能以苯酚、苯甲酸、对甲酚、萘为唯一碳源和能源生长、具有同时降解单环和双环芳烃能力的细菌菌株,经生理生化、16SrRNA基因序列分析等鉴定为红球菌PNAN5菌株(Rhodococcussp.strainPNAN5).在实验条件下和在温度为20～40℃、pH7 0～9 0范围内菌株PNAN5降解苯酚的效率保持在80%～100%之间,苯酚浓度在2～10mmol·L-1范围内变化对降解效率没有明显的影响.该菌株通过邻苯二酚1,2 双加氧酶催化的开环途径降解芳烃,不同于已知的浑浊红球菌(R.opacus)是通过邻苯二酚2,3 双加氧酶催化芳烃降解.以细胞裂解液测定该酶的酶促反应动力学常数Km值为35 94μmol·L-1,Vmax为0 84μmol·L-1·min-1·mg-1.     

The role of lipids in fermentative propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipid and food waste

● Lipid can promote PA production on a target from food waste. ● PA productivity reached 6.23 g/(L∙d) from co-fermentation of lipid and food waste. ● Lipid promoted the hydrolysis and utilization of protein in food waste. ● Prevotella , Veillonella and norank _f _Propioni bacteriaceae were enriched. ● Main pathway of PA production was the succinate pathway. Food waste (FW) is a promising renewable low-cost biomass substrate for enhancing the economic feasibility of fermentative propionate production. Although lipids, a common component of food waste, can be used as a carbon source to enhance the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during co-fermentation, few studies have evaluated the potential for directional propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipids and FW. In this study, co-fermentation experiments were conducted using different combinations of lipids and FW for VFA production. The contributions of lipids and FW to propionate production, hydrolysis of substrates, and microbial composition during co-fermentation were evaluated. The results revealed that lipids shifted the fermentation type of FW from butyric to propionic acid fermentation. Based on the estimated propionate production kinetic parameters, the maximum propionate productivity increased significantly with an increase in lipid content, reaching 6.23 g propionate/(L∙d) at a lipid content of 50%. Propionate-producing bacteria Prevotella, Veillonella, and norank_f_Propionibacteriaceae were enriched in the presence of lipids, and the succinate pathway was identified as a prominent fermentation route for propionate production. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotation revealed that the expression of functional genes associated with amino acid metabolism was enhanced by the presence of lipids. Collectively, these findings will contribute to gaining a better understanding of targeted propionate production from FW.     

Adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid(SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8.     

电化学法降解苯酚废水的实验研究

应用自制电化学反应器对废水中苯酚的电催化氧化处理进行了研究,实验了电解槽结构、电流密度、电解时间、电极间距离、废水pH值、废水电导率等对苯酚电解去除效果的影响,确定了最佳的处理条件。在电流密度为30 mA/cm2,电解时间为80 min,电极间距离为2 cm,废水pH值在7-8之间,废水电导率为1 100μS/cm的处理条件下,苯酚的去除率可达98%以上。利用TOC测定仪、紫外光谱和红外光谱等仪器分析的方法对苯酚的降解产物进行了分析。     

活性污泥法处理焦化污水监测值的统计特性

用活性污泥法处理焦化污水,将一年内监测的曝气池山水和入水中酚、氰、氨氮、COD等指标建立数据库,并进行时间序列、正态分布性、自相关和线性回归分析.统计分析结果表明,多数指标呈正态分布而周期性特征不明显;经多元线性回归分析,出水COD与入水COD、出水酚之间的关系较为密切.     

Inhibition character of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater on biological acidification

• The inhibition of the main organic pollutions in CMW was demonstrated. • Variations of AK and BK showed a high correlation with the SAA of Ac and n-Bu. • The inhibitory degree was in the order of Ac>n-Bu for individual toxicants. • Biodegradation products of the main toxicants were analyzed. This work aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater (CMW) on biological acidification. To reveal the inhibitory effect of wastewater to the anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), variations of the specific acidogenic activity (SAA) and activities of key enzymes were investigated. The results indicated that the dosage of CMW causing a 50% effect concentration (EC₅₀) on the activity of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) production was 380 mg COD/g VSS. The inhibitory effect of individual toxicants in CMW on the activity of TVFA production were in the order of crotonaldehyde>ethyl sorbate>(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, and their inhibitory degrees on individual VFA products were acetic acid (Ac)>n-butyric acid (n-Bu), which could correspond to the variations in the activities of acetate kinase (AK) and butyrate kinase (BK). Furthermore, the combined effect of three toxicants on the activity of TVFA production was significantly higher than that of any individual toxicant, and the contribution of the relative toxicity to CMW was 77.27%. Additionally, the biodegradation products of the main toxicants indicated that the removal of crotonaldehyde and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal was primarily due to the hydrogenation of alkene and aldehyde and the oxidation of aldehyde. Nevertheless, the removal of ethyl sorbate was primarily based on adsorption. In conclusion, biological acidification has a limited ability to treatment CMW, therefore, a further pretreatment technology should be used to remove the main toxicant of wastewater.     

鄱阳湖流域水体和水产品中苯酚的暴露特征及人体健康风险评估

苯酚（phenol）被广泛应用于工业生产,在水环境中大量检出,具有皮肤灼伤、抑制中枢神经和肝脏损伤等健康毒性.调查了鄱阳湖水体和水产品中苯酚的暴露浓度,采用商值法和概率风险评估法,基于本土人群暴露参数评估苯酚对鄱阳湖流域成人的健康风险.分析结果表明,水体中苯酚浓度范围为ND~556.26 ng·L^-1,水产品中苯酚含量范围在11.98~255.51 μg·kg^-1.鄱阳湖湖区成人饮水健康风险值在3.80×10^-7~8.46×10^-5范围内,湖区南部河流聚集处及北部长江交汇处的成人饮水健康风险较高.成人通过食用鄱阳湖不同种类水产品产生的健康风险范围为2.65×10^-5~1.47×10^-4,食用黄颡鱼和鲶鱼产生的健康风险比其他种类水产品高一个数量级.通过Monte Carlo模拟评估苯酚的健康概率风险,并探讨鄱阳湖流域人群暴露参数敏感性.结果表明鄱阳湖流域成人饮水和水产品食用的95百分位健康风险值处于可接受水平,苯酚环境暴露浓度对健康风险值的影响最大.本研究结果可为鄱阳湖流域水环境中苯酚的风险管控提供参考.